ArticleMovement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society2011
Decreased striatal dopamine receptor binding in primary focal dystonia: a D2 or D3 defect?
Article in Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed, 48 citations in OpenAlex.
- Emotional Eating Phenotype is Associated with Central Dopamine D2 Receptor Binding Independent of Body Mass Index.Scientific reports · 2015Trial
- Brain network pathophysiology in dystonia.Dystonia (Lausanne, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Clinical implications of genetic polymorphisms in blepharospasm.Experimental and therapeutic medicine · 2024Article
- A Study of Dopaminergic Pathway in Neurologic Wilson Disease with Movement Disorder.Molecular neurobiology · 2023Article
- Principal Component Analysis of Striatal and Extrastriatal D2 Dopamine Receptor Positron Emission Tomography in Manganese-Exposed Workers.Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology · 2021Article
- Dystonia and levodopa-induced dyskinesias in Parkinson's disease: Is there a connection?Neurobiology of disease · 2019Review
- Screening Gene Mutations in Chinese Patients With Benign Essential Blepharospasm.Frontiers in neurology · 2019Article
- Selective D2 receptor PET in manganese-exposed workers.Neurology · 2018Article
- Loss of inhibition in sensorimotor networks in focal hand dystonia.NeuroImage. Clinical · 2018Article
- Research Priorities in Limb and Task-Specific Dystonias.Frontiers in neurology · 2017Review
- Prediction of striatal D2 receptor binding by DRD2/ANKK1 TaqIA allele status.Synapse (New York, N.Y.) · 2016Article
- Absorbed radiation dosimetry of the DAmerican journal of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging · 2016Article
- Altered brain activation in a reversal learning task unmasks adaptive changes in cognitive control in writer's cramp.NeuroImage. Clinical · 2016Article
- Article
- The role of dopamine and dopaminergic pathways in dystonia: insights from neuroimaging.Tremor and other hyperkinetic movements (New York, N.Y.) · 2015Review
- Mouse models of neurodevelopmental disease of the basal ganglia and associated circuits.Current topics in developmental biology · 2014Review
- Spatial reorganization of putaminal dopamine D2-like receptors in cranial and hand dystonia.PloS one · 2014Article
- Striatal dopaminergic dysfunction at rest and during task performance in writer's cramp.Brain : a journal of neurology · 2013Article
- Striatal dopamine D1-like receptor binding is unchanged in primary focal dystonia.Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society · 2013Article
- A comparison of D2 receptor specific binding in obese and normal-weight individuals using PET with (N-[(11)C]methyl)benperidol.Synapse (New York, N.Y.) · 2013Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Dystonia is an involuntary movement disorder characterized by repetitive patterned or sustained muscle contractions causing twisting or abnormal postures. Several lines of evidence suggest that abnormalities of dopaminergic pathways contribute to the pathophysiology of dystonia. In particular, dysfunction of D2-like receptors that mediate function of the indirect pathway in the basal ganglia may play a key role. We have demonstrated with positron emission tomography that patients with primary focal cranial or hand dystonia have reduced putamenal specific binding of [(18)F]spiperone, a nonselective D2-like radioligand with nearly equal affinity for serotonergic 5-HT(2A) sites. We then repeated the study with [(18)F]N-methyl-benperidol (NMB), a more selective D2-like receptor radioligand with minimal affinity for 5-HT(2A). Surprisingly, there was no decrease in NMB binding in the putamen of subjects with dystonia. Our findings excluded reductions of putamenal uptake greater than 20% with 95% confidence intervals. The analysis of the in vitro selectivity of NMB and spiperone demonstrated that NMB was highly selective for D2 receptors relative to D3 receptors (200-fold difference in affinity), whereas spiperone has similar affinity for all three of the D2-like receptor subtypes. These findings when coupled with other literature suggest that a defect in D3, rather than D2, receptor expression may be associated with primary focal dystonia.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.