ArticleEndocrine2010
Are endogenously lower serum thyroid hormones new predictors for thyroid malignancy in addition to higher serum thyrotropin?
Article in Endocrine, 2010. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 53 citations in OpenAlex.
- The associations between thyroid-related hormones and the risk of thyroid cancer: An overall and dose-response meta-analysis.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2022Pooled it
- An overall and dose-response meta-analysis for thyrotropin and thyroid cancer risk by histological type.Oncotarget · 2016Pooled it
- Quantitative assessment of preoperative serum thyrotropin level and thyroid cancer.Oncotarget · 2016Pooled it
- Assessment of thyroid hormone profiles and derived ratios for predicting thyroid nodule malignancy using the Bethesda system: thyroid hormone ratios in malignancy risk stratification of thyroid nodules: a cross-sectional study.Sao Paulo medical journal = Revista paulista de medicina · 2026Article
- Serum Thyroid Biomarkers for Diagnosing Malignant Thyroid Nodules: A Machine Learning Approach with External and Causal Validation.Journal of Cancer · 2026Article
- An interpretable multimodal machine learning model for predicting malignancy of thyroid nodules in low-resource scenarios.BMC endocrine disorders · 2025Article
- Thyroid Volume Stabilization and Nodule Progression After Bariatric Surgery: Insights from a Retrospective Study.Obesity surgery · 2025Article
- Machine learning model for differentiating malignant from benign thyroid nodules based on the thyroid function data.BMJ open · 2025Article
- A Retrospective Analysis of the Changes in Prediabetes-Associated Markers of Thyroid Function in Patients from Durban, South Africa.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Diagnostic value of thyroid-related serological indicators and pan-immune-inflammation value for differentiated thyroid carcinoma.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Impaired thyroid hormone sensitivity increases the risk of papillary thyroid cancer and cervical lymph node metastasis.Endocrine · 2024Article
- Sensitivity to thyroid hormone indices are associated with papillary thyroid carcinoma in Chinese patients with thyroid nodules.BMC endocrine disorders · 2023Article
- TSH level as a risk factor of thyroid malignancy for nodules in euthyroid patients.Acta otorhinolaryngologica Italica : organo ufficiale della Societa italiana di otorinolaringologia e chirurgia cervico-facciale · 2023Article
- Comparison of Various Ultrasound-Based Malignant Risk Stratification Systems on an Occasion for Assessing Thyroid Nodules in Hashimoto's Thyroiditis.International journal of general medicine · 2023Article
- Fibrinogen-to-Neutrophil Ratio as a New Predictor of Central Lymph Node Metastasis in Patients with Papillary Thyroid Cancer and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.Cancer management and research · 2022Article
- Salivary biomarkers-assisted ultrasound-based differentiation of malignant and benign thyroid nodules.Gland surgery · 2022Article
- Fasting serum glucose and lymph node metastasis in non-diabetic PTC patients: a 10-Year multicenter retrospective study.Journal of Cancer · 2022Article
- Adiponectin and Thyroid Cancer: Insight into the Association between Adiponectin and Obesity.Aging and disease · 2021Review
- BRAFJournal of cancer research and clinical oncology · 2021Article
- TSH Level and Risk of Malignancy in Patients with Bethesda Category IV Thyroid Nodules.Hormones & cancer · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
It is well known that TSH plays a major role in the secretion of thyroid hormones, maintenance of thyroid specific gene expression, and gland growth. In this study, we aimed to evaluate association between tests of thyroid functions (fT3, fT4, TSH) and differentiated thyroid carcinoma. 441 patients operated for nodular goiter between 2005 and 2008 were analyzed. Thyroid functions were studied in the period of 1-30 days prior to surgery. In postoperative histopathological examination, differentiated thyroid carcinoma and benign thyroid disease were detected in 166 (37.6%) and 275 (62.4%) patients, respectively. Patients with thyroid malignancy had significantly lower serum fT3 (P = 0.001), lower fT4 (P = 0.022), and higher TSH levels (P < 0.001) compared to patients with benign disease, although all analytes were within the normal range. We subdivided by quartile serum fT3, fT4, and TSH in normal limits into three groups. The odds ratio (ORs) for the risk of thyroid cancer with a serum TSH between 0.63 and 1.67 μIU/ml and 1.68-4.00 μIU/ml, compared with a serum TSH between 0.40 and 0.62 μIU/ml were calculated as 2.60 (95% CIs 1.49-4.54) and 6.50 (95% CIs 3.51-12.03), respectively. There was also a greater risk of thyroid cancer in patients with fT3 levels of 1.57-3.00 pg/ml, compared with patients with fT3 levels of 3.89-4.71 pg/ml (OR 2.95, 95% CIs 1.68-5.20). For fT4, OR for the risk of thyroid cancer between 0.85 and 1.17 ng/dl compared with 1.48-1.78 ng/dl was 2.14 (95% CIs 1.22-3.74). In conclusion, lower fT3, fT4, and higher TSH concentrations within normal limits were related with increased thyroid cancer independent from sex and nodule type. Particularly, the association between lower fT3, fT4 levels and a diagnosis of thyroid cancer is a novel finding.
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