ArticleInternational journal of epidemiology2011
Fatherhood and incident prostate cancer in a prospective US cohort.
Article in International journal of epidemiology, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 27 citations in OpenAlex.
- Reduced risk of prostate cancer in childless men as compared to fathers: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Scientific reports · 2016Pooled it
- Male infertility and risk of cardiometabolic conditions: a population-based cohort study.Human reproduction (Oxford, England) · 2026Article
- Unlocking the mystery associated with infertility and prostate cancer: an update.Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England) · 2023Review
- Fatherhood status in relation to prostate cancer risks in two large U.S.-based prospective cohort studies.Cancer medicine · 2021Article
- Current updates and future perspectives in the evaluation of azoospermia: A systematic review.Arab journal of urology · 2021Article
- Risk of prostate cancer for men fathering through assisted reproduction: nationwide population based register study.BMJ (Clinical research ed.) · 2019Article
- Subfertility increases risk of testicular cancer: evidence from population-based semen samples.Fertility and sterility · 2016Article
- Reproductive History and Later-Life Comorbidity Trajectories: A Medicare-Linked Cohort Study From the Utah Population Database.Demography · 2015Article
- Fathering of dizygotic twins and risk of prostate cancer: nationwide, population-based case-control study.PloS one · 2014Article
- Increased risk of cancer among azoospermic men.Fertility and sterility · 2013Article
- Fatherhood status and risk of prostate cancer: nationwide, population-based case-control study.International journal of cancer · 2013Article
- Combined point mutations in codon 12 and 13 of KRAS oncogene in prostate carcinomas.Molecular biology reports · 2012Article
- Fatherhood and the risk of cardiovascular mortality in the NIH-AARP Diet and Health Study.Human reproduction (Oxford, England) · 2011Article
- Male reproductive health and prostate cancer risk.Current opinion in urology · 2011Review
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundFatherhood status has been hypothesized to affect prostate cancer risk but the current evidence is limited and contradictory.
methodsWe prospectively evaluated the relationship between offspring number and the risk of prostate cancer in 161,823 men enrolled in the National Institues of Health - American Association of Retired Persons Diet and Health Study. Participants were aged 50-71 years without a cancer diagnosis at baseline in 1995. Analysing 8134 cases of prostate cancer, Cox regression was used to estimate the association between offspring number and prostate cancer incidence while accounting for socio-demographic and lifestyle characteristics.
resultsWhen examining the entire cohort, there was no relationship between fatherhood and incident prostate cancer [hazard ratio (HR) 0.94, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.86-1.02]. However, after stratifying for prostate cancer screening, prostate-specific antigen (PSA) unscreened childless men had a lower risk of prostate cancer (HR 0.73, 95% CI 0.58-0.91) compared with fathers due to the interaction between PSA screening and fatherhood (P for interaction < 0.01). A trend for the lower risk of prostate cancer among unscreened fathers compared with childless men was seen for low-grade prostate cancer (HR 0.78, 95% CI 0.61-1.01), high-grade prostate cancer (HR 0.62, 95% CI 0.37-1.04) and even fatal prostate cancer (HR 0.28, 95% CI 0.07-1.12). The number of children fathered was not related to prostate cancer (P(trend) = 0.17). In addition, men's inability to sire female offspring showed a weak positive association with prostate cancer in the PSA unscreened study subjects.
conclusionsOur findings suggest fatherhood status and offspring gender is associated with a man's prostate cancer risk.
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