ArticleBMC cancer2010
Raloxifene inhibits tumor growth and lymph node metastasis in a xenograft model of metastatic mammary cancer.
Article in BMC cancer, 2010. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 15 citations in OpenAlex.
- Raloxifene suppresses growth and promotes intrinsic apoptotic signaling in C6 glioma cells.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2026Article
- Diagnostic accuracy of automated breast volume scanning, hand-held ultrasound and molybdenum-target mammography for breast lesions: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Gland surgery · 2025Article
- Synergistic Effect of Quercetin Magnetite Nanoparticles and Targeted Radiotherapy in Treatment of Breast Cancer.Breast cancer : basic and clinical research · 2022Article
- EO771, the first luminal B mammary cancer cell line from C57BL/6 mice.Cancer cell international · 2020Article
- Chemopreventive Activity of Honokiol against 7, 12 - Dimethylbenz[a]anthracene-Induced Mammary Cancer in Female Sprague Dawley Rats.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2017Article
- Raloxifene Inhibits NF-kB Pathway and Potentiates Anti-Tumour Activity of Cisplatin with Simultaneous Reduction in its Nephrotoxictiy.Pathology oncology research : POR · 2016Article
- Effects of ospemifene on the female reproductive and urinary tracts: translation from preclinical models into clinical evidence.Menopause (New York, N.Y.) · 2015Review
- Raloxifene induces autophagy-dependent cell death in breast cancer cells via the activation of AMP-activated protein kinase.Molecules and cells · 2015Article
- Mammary cancer gene therapy targeting lymphangiogenesis: VEGF-C siRNA and soluble VEGF receptor-2, a splicing variant.Medical molecular morphology · 2012Review
- Article
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe effects of raloxifene, a novel selective estrogen receptor modulator, were studied in a mouse metastatic mammary cancer model expressing cytoplasmic ERα.
methodsMammary tumors, induced by inoculation of syngeneic BALB/c mice with BJMC3879luc2 cells, were subsequently treated with raloxifene at 0, 18 and 27 mg/kg/day using mini-osmotic pumps.
resultsIn vitro study demonstrated that the ERα in BJMC3879luc2 cells was smaller (between 50 and 64 kDa) than the normal-sized ERα (66 kDa) and showed cytoplasmic localization. A statistically significant but weak estradiol response was observed in this cell line. When BJMC3879luc2 tumors were implanted into mice, the ERα mRNA levels were significantly higher in females than in males. In vitro studies showed that raloxifene induced mitochondria-mediated apoptosis and cell-cycle arrest in the G1-phase and a decrease in the cell population in the S-phase. In animal experiments, tumor volumes were significantly suppressed in the raloxifene-treated groups. The multiplicity of lymph node metastasis was significantly decreased in the 27 mg/kg group. Levels of apoptosis were significantly increased in the raloxifene-treated groups, whereas the levels of DNA synthesis were significantly decreased in these groups. No differences in microvessel density in tumors were observed between the control and raloxifene-treated groups. The numbers of dilated lymphatic vessels containing intraluminal tumor cells were significantly reduced in mammary tumors in the raloxifene-treated groups. The levels of ERα mRNA in mammary tumors tended to be decreased in the raloxifene-treated groups.
conclusionThese results suggest that the antimetastatic activity of raloxifene in mammary cancer expressing cytoplasmic ERα may be a crucial finding with clinical applications and that raloxifene may be useful as an adjuvant therapy and for the chemoprevention of breast cancer development.
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