ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2010
CLOCK and BMAL1 regulate MyoD and are necessary for maintenance of skeletal muscle phenotype and function.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2010. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 232 papers.
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Who cites it
232 citing papers in PubMed, 378 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Timing the strain: skeletal muscle clock as regulator of physical activity.npj metabolic health and disease · 2026Review
- β-Hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (HMB) Counteracts Atrophy and Restores Circadian Rhythms in Myotubes.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Circadian biology and exercise: the time to move.Life metabolism · 2026Review
- Exercise Timing in Sport: Molecular and Physiological Mechanisms Linking Performance, Recovery, and Biological Cost.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Co-expression network analysis reveals repression ofbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
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- Short-term time-restricted feeding improves metabolic rhythms and liver mitochondrial bioenergetic function in high-fat diet-fed mice.Function (Oxford, England) · 2026Article
- Impacts of exercise, renin-angiotensin system modulation or both on skeletal muscle circadian gene expression.Experimental physiology · 2026Article
- New insights into the skeletal muscle circadian clock in ruminants.Journal of animal science and biotechnology · 2026Review
- Circadian timing of the dystrophin associated complex across the brain and body.Fluids and barriers of the CNS · 2026Review
- Transient hypoxia followed by progressive reoxygenation is required for muscle repair.EMBO reports · 2026Article
- Timing matters: circadian rhythm disruption in alcohol-associated peripheral organ pathophysiology.Function (Oxford, England) · 2026Review
- A Tripartite Framework of Conflict-Induced Stress, Acoustic Hypervigilance, and Ramadan Observance as Convergent Determinants of Circadian Decoherence in Athletes.Nature and science of sleep · 2026Review
172 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
13 authors at 6 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
MyoD, a master regulator of myogenesis, exhibits a circadian rhythm in its mRNA and protein levels, suggesting a possible role in the daily maintenance of muscle phenotype and function. We report that MyoD is a direct target of the circadian transcriptional activators CLOCK and BMAL1, which bind in a rhythmic manner to the core enhancer of the MyoD promoter. Skeletal muscle of Clock(Δ19) and Bmal1(-/-) mutant mice exhibited ∼30% reductions in normalized maximal force. A similar reduction in force was observed at the single-fiber level. Electron microscopy (EM) showed that the myofilament architecture was disrupted in skeletal muscle of Clock(Δ19), Bmal1(-/-), and MyoD(-/-) mice. The alteration in myofilament organization was associated with decreased expression of actin, myosins, titin, and several MyoD target genes. EM analysis also demonstrated that muscle from both Clock(Δ19) and Bmal1(-/-) mice had a 40% reduction in mitochondrial volume. The remaining mitochondria in these mutant mice displayed aberrant morphology and increased uncoupling of respiration. This mitochondrial pathology was not seen in muscle of MyoD(-/-) mice. We suggest that altered expression of both Pgc-1α and Pgc-1β in Clock(Δ19) and Bmal1(-/-) mice may underlie this pathology. Taken together, our results demonstrate that disruption of CLOCK or BMAL1 leads to structural and functional alterations at the cellular level in skeletal muscle. The identification of MyoD as a clock-controlled gene provides a mechanism by which the circadian clock may generate a muscle-specific circadian transcriptome in an adaptive role for the daily maintenance of adult skeletal muscle.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.