ArticleMolecular immunology
Differential regulation of TLR4 expression in human B cells and monocytes.
Article in Molecular immunology. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers.
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Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed, 57 citations in OpenAlex.
- Efficacy of Pam3CSK4 as a cross-species adjuvant for polysaccharide vaccines in humanized mouse and non-human primate models.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Evaluation of Antibodies Induced by Melanoma Helper Peptide Vaccine and Their Modulation by Vaccine Adjuvants.Vaccines · 2026Article
- Pam3CSK4 as a Cross-Species Adjuvant for Polysaccharide Vaccines: Efficacy in Humanized Mouse and Non-Human Primate Models.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Prediction and characterisation of the human B cell response to a heterologous two-dose Ebola vaccine.Nature communications · 2025Article
- B cells upregulate NMDARs, respond to extracellular glutamate, and express mature BDNF to protect the brain from ischemic injury.Neurobiology of disease · 2025Article
- Emerging novel methodologies to understand and strategically target long-lived plasma cells in vaccine design to induce durable immunity.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- AI discovery of TLR agonist-driven phenotypes reveals unique features of peripheral cells from healthy donors and ART-suppressed people living with HIV.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Hemin treatment drives viral reactivation and plasma cell differentiation of EBV latently infected B cells.PLoS pathogens · 2023Article
- Article
- B cells and the microbiota: a missing connection in food allergy.Mucosal immunology · 2021Review
- N-Glycan Branching Decouples B Cell Innate and Adaptive Immunity to Control Inflammatory Demyelination.iScience · 2020Article
- The Tat Protein of HIV-1 Prevents the Loss of HSV-Specific Memory Adaptive Responses and Favors the Control of Viral Reactivation.Vaccines · 2020Article
- Sickle Cell Anemia Patients Display an Intricate Cellular and Serum Biomarker Network Highlighted by TCD4+CD69+ Lymphocytes, IL-17/MIP-1Journal of immunology research · 2020Observational
- CFTR regulates B cell activation and lymphoid follicle development.Respiratory research · 2019Article
- Signaling control of antibody isotype switching.Advances in immunology · 2019Review
- Understanding Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy Risk in Multiple Sclerosis Patients Treated with Immunomodulatory Therapies: A Bird's Eye View.Frontiers in immunology · 2018Review
- Endogenous Nur77 Is a Specific Indicator of Antigen Receptor Signaling in Human T and B Cells.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2017Article
- B cell responses in older adults with latent tuberculosis: Considerations for vaccine development.Global vaccines and immunology · 2016Article
- Tolerance in Kidney Transplantation: What Is on the B Side?Mediators of inflammation · 2016Review
- Oral Wild-Type Salmonella Typhi Challenge Induces Activation of Circulating Monocytes and Dendritic Cells in Individuals Who Develop Typhoid Disease.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2015Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) is an innate immune receptor that is constitutively and inducibly activated in monocytes. Although TLR4 is expressed at very low levels on human B cells from healthy individuals, recent reports showed that TLR4 expression and function is elevated in B cells from inflammatory disease patients. New data showed that TLR4 expression on B cells is increased upon stimulation through surface Igμ and CD40 in combination with IL-4. In contrast, monocyte stimulation through CD40 and IL-4 receptors decreased TLR4 surface expression. Analysis of molecular signatures of TLR4 activation in stimulated B cells suggested that TLR4 is regulated by different mechanisms in B cells compared to monocytes. PU.1 and interferon regulatory factor association with the TLR4 promoter are sufficient for TLR4 transcription, but are not sufficient for surface TLR4 expression on B cells. In contrast, the PU.1/IRF combination is sufficient for surface TLR4 expression on monocytes. These data identify mechanisms that can activate B cell TLR4 expression in inflammatory disease patients, and demonstrate that B cells have additional layers of TLR4 regulation absent in monocytes.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.