ReviewBrain, behavior, and immunity2011
Immune suppression and immune activation in depression.
Review in Brain, behavior, and immunity, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT02415166 (Influenza Challenge in Mood Disorders), which is not on this map. Cited by 164 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Influenza Challenge in Mood Disorders
Who cites it
164 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 326 citations in OpenAlex.
- Dynamic Cytokine Relationships Across the Blood-Brain Barrier in Humans and Nonhuman Primates-Implications for Psychiatric Illness: A Systematic Review.Biological psychiatry · 2026Pooled it
- A systematic review and meta-analysis of pteridines in mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease.BMC geriatrics · 2025Pooled it
- The influence of depression on clinical outcomes of total shoulder arthroplasty: a systematic Review.European journal of orthopaedic surgery & traumatology : orthopedie traumatologie · 2024Pooled it
- Pro-inflammatory Monocyte Phenotype and Cell-Specific Steroid Signaling Alterations in Unmedicated Patients With Major Depressive Disorder.Frontiers in immunology · 2018Trial
- The establishment of the objective diagnostic markers and personalized medical intervention in patients with major depressive disorder: rationale and protocol.BMC psychiatry · 2016Trial
- DNA methylation in interleukin-11 predicts clinical response to antidepressants in GENDEP.Translational psychiatry · 2013Trial
- The association of mental health over time with cardiac outcomes in HEMO study patients.Clinical journal of the American Society of Nephrology : CJASN · 2012Trial
- Do premenopausal women with major depression have low bone mineral density? A 36-month prospective study.PloS one · 2012Trial
- Immune markers mediate genetic relationships between immune diseases and psychiatric disorders.PLoS genetics · 2026Article
- Repeated social defeat causes bone loss from mouse femur.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2026Article
- Toxoplasma gondii retinochoroiditis associated with Epstein-Barr virus-induced retinal necrosis in an immunocompetent patient.Journal of ophthalmic inflammation and infection · 2026Article
- Potential biomarkers differentiating major depression from bipolar disorder depressive episodes by Olink Proteomics.BMC psychiatry · 2026Article
- Observational
- Secondary analysis of GenRED data (Genetics of Recurrent Early-Onset major Depression) using MERLIN.European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience · 2026Article
- The past and future of integrated biopsychosocial whole-health perspectives in psychiatric rehabilitation.Psychiatric rehabilitation journal · 2026Review
- Association Between Depression and Increased Odds of Inpatient Mortality Following Hip Fracture Repair.Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons. Global research & reviews · 2026Article
- The Impact of 5-HTTLPR Polymorphism on Depression and Lymphocyte Changes in Colorectal Cancer Patients Undergoing FOLFOX Chemotherapy.Psychiatry investigation · 2026Article
- Mental Health, Mucosal Immunity, and HIV Susceptibility Following Sexual Violence: Evidence from the THRIVE Study.Viruses · 2026Article
- The significance of blood indicators in distinguishing bipolar disorder depressive episodes from major depression in teenagers.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Article
- Integrative analysis identifies DCBLD2 and immune-related biomarkers for major depressive disorder: evidence from human peripheral blood, post-mortem brain, and rat models.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2026Article
104 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Depression has been characterized as a disorder of both immune suppression and immune activation. Markers of impaired cellular immunity (decreased natural killer cell cytotoxicity) and inflammation (elevated IL-6, TNFα, and CRP) have been associated with depression. These immunological markers have been associated with other medical illnesses, suggesting that immune dysregulation may be a central feature common to both depression and to its frequent medical comorbidities. Yet the significant associations of findings of both immune suppression and immune activation with depression raise questions concerning the relationship between these two classes of immunological observations. Depressed populations are heterogeneous groups, and there may be differences in the immune profiles of populations that are more narrowly defined in terms of symptom profile and/or demographic features. There have been few reports concurrently investigating markers of immune suppression and immune activation in the same depressed individuals. An emerging pre-clinical literature suggests that chronic inflammation may directly contribute to the pathophysiology of immune suppression in the context of illnesses such as cancer and rheumatoid arthritis. This literature provides us with specific immunoregulatory mechanisms mediating these relationships that could also explain differences in immune disturbances between subsets of depressed individuals We propose a research agenda emphasizing the assessment of these immunoregulatory mechanisms in large samples of depressed subjects as a means to define the relationships among immune findings (suppression and/or activation) within the same depressed individuals and to characterize subsets of depressed subjects based on shared immune profiles. Such a program of research, building on and integrating our knowledge of the psychoneuroimmunology of depression, could lead to innovation in the assessment and treatment of depression and its medical comorbidities.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.