Evidence map›Paper›PMID 20949351›Full record

ReviewPsychopharmacology2011

Prenatal stress: role in psychotic and depressive diseases.

Julie A Markham, James I Koenig

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Psychopharmacology, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 111 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
111citing papers in PubMed
19.4field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

111 citing papers in PubMed, 268 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Trial
  2. Pharmaceutics · 2026
    Article
  3. Article
  4. Maternal stress and fetoplacental cortisol regulation in small-for-gestational-age newborns.Ultrasound in obstetrics & gynecology : the official journal of the International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology · 2025
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  13. Climate Change and Children's Mental Health: A Developmental Perspective.Clinical psychological science : a journal of the Association for Psychological Science · 2022
    Review
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  16. Article
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51 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Julie A MarkhamMaryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, PO Box 21247, Baltimore, MD 21228, USA.
James I Koenig
University of Maryland, Baltimore · US

Funding

Tretment of negative symptoms and cognitive impairment in schizopreniaP50MH082999 · NIMH · UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND BALTIMORE · PI MCMAHON, ROBERT P. · 2008 to 2012
$9.7M
Maryland's Organized Research Effort in Women's Health (MORE-WH)K12HD043489 · NICHD · UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND BALTIMORE · PI TRACY, J. KATHLEEN · 2002 to 2016
$7.0M
Multidisciplinary Schizophrenia Research TrainingT32MH067533 · NIMH · UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND BALTIMORE · PI CARPENTER, WILLIAM T., ELMER, GREGORY I · 2004 to 2025
$4.3M
Neuropeptide Involvement In Male Social BehaviorR01MH073826 · NIMH · UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND BALTIMORE · PI KOENIG, JAMES I · 2006 to 2009
$978k
NICHD NIH HHS K12 HD043489NICHD NIH HHS K12HD043489NIMH NIH HHS MH073826NIMH NIH HHS MH082999NIMH NIH HHS P50 MH082999NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH073826NIMH NIH HHS T32 MH067533
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

rationaleThe birth of neurons, their migration to appropriate positions in the brain, and their establishment of the proper synaptic contacts happen predominately during the prenatal period. Environmental stressors during gestation can exert a major impact on brain development and thereby contribute to the pathogenesis of neuropsychiatric illnesses, such as depression and psychotic disorders including schizophrenia.

objectiveThe objectives here are to present recent preclinical studies of the impact of prenatal exposure to gestational stressors on the developing fetal brain and discuss their relevance to the neurobiological basis of mental illness. The focus is on maternal immune activation, psychological stresses, and malnutrition, due to the abundant clinical literature supporting their role in the etiology of neuropsychiatric illnesses.

resultsPrenatal maternal immune activation, viral infection, unpredictable psychological stress, and malnutrition all appear to foster the development of behavioral abnormalities in exposed offspring that may be relevant to the symptom domains of schizophrenia and psychosis, including sensorimotor gating, information processing, cognition, social function, and subcortical hyperdopaminergia. Depression-related phenotypes, such as learned helplessness or anxiety, are also observed in some model systems. These changes appear to be mediated by the presence of proinflammatory cytokines and/or corticosteroids in the fetal compartment that alter the development the neuroanatomical substrates involved in these behaviors.

conclusionPrenatal exposure to environmental stressors alters the trajectory of brain development and can be used to generate animal preparations that may be informative in understanding the pathophysiological processes involved in several human neuropsychiatric disorders.

Indexed as

Adrenal Cortex HormonesAnimalsBrainCytokinesDepressive DisorderFemaleHumansNeuronsPregnancyPregnancy ComplicationsPsychotic DisordersSchizophreniaStress, PsychologicalAdrenal Cortex HormonesCytokines

Identifiers

PMID20949351
PMCPMC3050113
OpenAlexW1977513618

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.