ArticleInternational journal of clinical practice2010
A comparison of intermediate and long-acting insulins in people with type 2 diabetes starting insulin: an observational database study.
Article in International journal of clinical practice, 2010. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 37 citations in OpenAlex.
- Saxagliptin add-on therapy to insulin with or without metformin for type 2 diabetes mellitus: 52-week safety and efficacy.Clinical drug investigation · 2013 · on this mapTrial
- Potential formula for the calculation of starting and incremental insulin glargine doses: ALOHA subanalysis.PloS one · 2012Trial
- Course of body weight before and after the initiation of insulin therapy in type 2 diabetes mellitus: Retrospective inception cohort study (ZODIAC 58).Endocrinology, diabetes & metabolism · 2021Article
- Probability of Achieving Glycemic Control with Basal Insulin in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes in Real-World Practice in the USA.Diabetes therapy : research, treatment and education of diabetes and related disorders · 2018Article
- Clinical Benefit of Basal Insulin Analogue Treatment in Persons with Type 2 Diabetes Inadequately Controlled on Prior Insulin Therapy: A Prospective, Noninterventional, Multicenter Study.Diabetes therapy : research, treatment and education of diabetes and related disorders · 2018Article
- Basal Insulin Persistence, Associated Factors, and Outcomes After Treatment Initiation: A Retrospective Database Study Among People with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Japan.Diabetes therapy : research, treatment and education of diabetes and related disorders · 2017Article
- Determinants of weight change in patients on basal insulin treatment: an analysis of the DIVE registry.BMJ open diabetes research & care · 2017Article
- All-Cause and Cause-Specific Mortality among Users of Basal Insulins NPH, Detemir, and Glargine.PloS one · 2016Article
- Impact of telephonic interviews on persistence and daily adherence to insulin treatment in insulin-naïve type 2 diabetes patients: dropout study.Patient preference and adherence · 2016Article
- Assessment of Unmet Clinical Need in Type 2 Diabetic Patients on Conventional Therapy in the UK.Diabetes therapy : research, treatment and education of diabetes and related disorders · 2014Article
- Lower risk of hypoglycaemia and greater odds for weight loss with initiation of insulin detemir compared with insulin glargine in Turkish patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: local results of a multinational observational study.BMC endocrine disorders · 2014Observational
- Metabolic effects of Basal or premixed insulin treatment in 5077 insulin-naïve type 2 diabetes patients: registry-based observational study in clinical practice.Diabetes therapy : research, treatment and education of diabetes and related disorders · 2014Article
- Trends in insulin initiation and treatment intensification among patients with type 2 diabetes.Journal of general internal medicine · 2014Observational
- Real world outcomes of adding rapid-acting insulin versus switching to analog premix insulin among US patients with type 2 diabetes treated with insulin glargine.Patient preference and adherence · 2013Article
- Treatment outcomes after initiation of exenatide twice daily or insulin in clinical practice: 12-month results from CHOICE in six European countries.Diabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity : targets and therapy · 2013Article
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
aimsInsulin is normally added to oral glucose-lowering drugs in people with type 2 diabetes when glycaemic control becomes suboptimal. We evaluated outcomes in people starting insulin therapy with neutral protamine Hagedorn (NPH), detemir, glargine or premixed insulins.
methodsInsulin-naïve people with type 2 diabetes (n = 8009), ≥ 35 years old, HbA(1c) ≥ 6.5% and begun on NPH (n = 1463), detemir (n = 357), glargine (n = 2197) or premix (n = 3992), were identified from a UK database of primary care records (The Health Improvement Network). Unadjusted and multivariate-adjusted analyses were conducted, with persistence of insulin therapy assessed by survival analysis.
resultsIn the study population (n = 4337), baseline HbA(1c) was 9.5 ± 1.6%, falling to 8.4 ± 1.5% over 12 months (change -1.1 ± 1.8%, p < 0.001). Compared with NPH, people taking detemir, glargine and premix had an adjusted reduction in HbA(1c) from baseline, of 0.00% (p = 0.99), 0.19% (p < 0.001) and 0.03% (p = 0.51). Body weight increased by 2.8 kg overall (p < 0.001), and by 2.3, 1.7, 1.9, and 3.3 kg on NPH, detemir, glargine and premix (p < 0.001 for all groups); insulin dose at 12 months was 0.70 (overall), 0.64, 0.61, 0.56 and 0.76 U/kg/day. After 36 months, 57% of people on NPH, 67% on glargine and 83% on premix remained on their initially prescribed insulin. DISCUSSION AND
conclusionIn routine clinical practice, people with type 2 diabetes commenced on NPH experienced a modest disadvantage in glycaemic control after 12 months compared with other insulins. When comparing the insulins, glargine achieved best HbA(1c) reduction, while premix showed greatest weight gain and the highest dose requirement, but had the best persistence of therapy.
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