ArticleJournal of neurology2011
Dietary intake of vitamin D during adolescence and risk of multiple sclerosis.
Article in Journal of neurology, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
30 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 73 citations in OpenAlex.
- Vitamin, antioxidant and micronutrient supplementation and the risk of developing incident autoimmune diseases: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Pooled it
- Influence of Diet in Multiple Sclerosis: A Systematic Review.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2017Pooled it
- The Association between Dairy Consumption and the Risk of Developing Multiple Sclerosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Iranian journal of public health · 2025Review
- Linking Nutrients to Multiple Sclerosis Pathogenesis: Biological Evidence and Clinical Implications.Nutrients · 2025Review
- Association between dietary carbohydrate intake and multiple sclerosis risk: a large-scale cohort study.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Article
- Association of nutritional intake with clinical and imaging activity in pediatric multiple sclerosis.Multiple sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England) · 2024Article
- Article
- The role of diet in multiple sclerosis onset and course: results from a nationwide retrospective birth-year cohort.Annals of clinical and translational neurology · 2023Article
- Total Dairy Consumption Is Not Associated With Likelihood of a First Clinical Diagnosis of Central Nervous System Demyelination.Frontiers in neurology · 2022Article
- Dietary Insights in Neurological Diseases.Current neurology and neuroscience reports · 2021Review
- Dietary factors and MRI metrics in early Multiple Sclerosis.Multiple sclerosis and related disorders · 2021Article
- Adolescent dairy product and calcium intake in relation to later prostate cancer risk and mortality in the NIH-AARP Diet and Health Study.Cancer causes & control : CCC · 2020Article
- The Role of Diet in Multiple Sclerosis: Mechanistic Connections and Current Evidence.Current nutrition reports · 2018Review
- On the Nature of Evidence and 'Proving' Causality: Smoking and Lung Cancer vs. Sun Exposure, Vitamin D and Multiple Sclerosis.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2018Article
- Vitamin D in Neurological Diseases: A Rationale for a Pathogenic Impact.International journal of molecular sciences · 2018Review
- Sun Exposure across the Life Course Significantly Modulates Early Multiple Sclerosis Clinical Course.Frontiers in neurology · 2018Article
- Functional genomics analysis of vitamin D effects on CD4+ T cells in vivo in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis .Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2017Article
- Neonatal vitamin D status and risk of multiple sclerosis: A population-based case-control study.Neurology · 2017Article
- Hormone therapy use and physical quality of life in postmenopausal women with multiple sclerosis.Neurology · 2016Observational
- Timing of use of cod liver oil, a vitamin D source, and multiple sclerosis risk: The EnvIMS study.Multiple sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England) · 2015Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Adolescence may be an important etiological period in the development of multiple sclerosis (MS), and studies suggest that adequate vitamin D nutrition is protective. Here, the authors examined whether dietary intake of vitamin D during adolescence decreases the risk of MS in adulthood. In 1986 in the Nurses' Health Study and in 1998 in the Nurses' Health Study II (NHSII), women completed a food frequency questionnaire regarding their dietary intake during adolescence. From this, daily intake of vitamin D was calculated. Adolescent diet was available for 379 incident MS cases confirmed over the combined 44 years of follow-up in both cohorts, and for 67 prevalent cases in the NHSII who had MS at baseline (1989). Cox proportional hazards models were used to calculate relative risk estimates and 95% confidence intervals. Total vitamin D intake during adolescence was not associated with MS risk. Intake of ≥ 400 IU/day of vitamin D from multivitamins was associated with a non-statistically significant reduced risk (RR compared to no intake = 0.73, 95% CI: 0.50-1.07, P = 0.11), whereas intake of whole milk, an important source of dietary vitamin D, was associated with an increased risk. The possibility of opposite effects of vitamin D and milk intake on MS risk should be considered in future studies.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.