ArticleClinical and vaccine immunology : CVI2010
Anaplasma marginale infection with persistent high-load bacteremia induces a dysfunctional memory CD4+ T lymphocyte response but sustained high IgG titers.
Article in Clinical and vaccine immunology : CVI, 2010. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.
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Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 31 citations in OpenAlex.
- Molecular and serological detection of Anaplasma marginale indicates widespread exposure among crossbred cattle in Karnal (Haryana), India.Tropical animal health and production · 2026Article
- Myocardial injury associated with naturally occurring clinical bovine anaplasmosis: evaluation of novel cardiac biomarkers.Veterinary research communications · 2026Article
- Haematology, serum biochemistry, innate and adaptive immune system responses to blood pathogen infections in cattle: A review.Parasitology research · 2026Review
- The role, relevance and management of immune exhaustion in bovine infectious diseases.Heliyon · 2024Review
- Epidemiology ofInternational journal for parasitology. Parasites and wildlife · 2023Article
- Humoral and Cell-Mediated Immune Response Validation in Calves after a Live Attenuated Vaccine ofPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Article
- Identification of a T-Cell Epitope That Is Globally Conserved among Outer Membrane Proteins (OMPs) OMP7, OMP8, and OMP9 of Anaplasma marginale Strains and with OMP7 from the A. marginale subsp. centrale Vaccine Strain.Clinical and vaccine immunology : CVI · 2017Article
- Cooperation of PD-1 and LAG-3 Contributes to T-Cell Exhaustion in Anaplasma marginale-Infected Cattle.Infection and immunity · 2016Article
- Antigenic Variation in Bacterial Pathogens.Microbiology spectrum · 2016Article
- Loss of Immunization-Induced Epitope-Specific CD4 T-Cell Response following Anaplasma marginale Infection Requires Presence of the T-Cell Epitope on the Pathogen and Is Not Associated with an Increase in Lymphocytes Expressing Known Regulatory Cell Phenotypes.Clinical and vaccine immunology : CVI · 2015Article
- The role of CD8 T lymphocytes in rickettsial infections.Seminars in immunopathology · 2015Review
- Early induction of interleukin-10 limits antigen-specific CD4⁺ T cell expansion, function, and secondary recall responses during persistent phagosomal infection.Infection and immunity · 2014Article
- Immunization-induced Anaplasma marginale-specific T-lymphocyte responses impaired by A. marginale infection are restored after eliminating infection with tetracycline.Clinical and vaccine immunology : CVI · 2014Article
- Immunogenicity of hypothetical highly conserved proteins as novel antigens in Anaplasma marginale.Current microbiology · 2014Article
- Adaptive immunity to Anaplasma pathogens and immune dysregulation: implications for bacterial persistence.Comparative immunology, microbiology and infectious diseases · 2012Review
- CD4 T cell antigens from Staphylococcus aureus Newman strain identified following immunization with heat-killed bacteria.Clinical and vaccine immunology : CVI · 2012Article
- Genome of Mycoplasma haemofelis, unraveling its strategies for survival and persistence.Veterinary research · 2011Article
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
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Abstract
Control of blood-borne infections is dependent on antigen-specific effector and memory T cells and high-affinity IgG responses. In chronic infections characterized by a high antigen load, it has been shown that antigen-specific T and B cells are vulnerable to downregulation and apoptosis. Anaplasma marginale is a persistent infection of cattle characterized by acute and chronic high-load bacteremia. We previously showed that CD4(+) T cells primed by immunization with an A. marginale outer membrane protein were rapidly deleted following infection. Furthermore, peripheral blood T cell responses to bacteria were not observed after acute infection was controlled, suggesting dysfunctional T cell priming to other A. marginale antigens. The current study more closely investigated the kinetics of A. marginale-specific CD4(+) T cell responses primed during infection. Frequent sampling of peripheral blood and spleens revealed that antigen-specific CD4(+) T cell responses were first detected at 5 to 7 weeks, but the responses were sporadic and transient thereafter. A similar pattern was observed in animals sampled weekly for nearly 1 year. Paradoxically, by 2 weeks of infection, cattle had developed high titers of A. marginale-specific IgG, which remained high throughout persistent infection. This dysfunctional CD4(+) T cell response to infection is consistent with continual downregulation or deletion of newly primed effector T cells, similar to what was observed for immunization-induced T cells following A. marginale infection. The failure to establish a strong memory T cell response during A. marginale infection likely contributes to bacterial persistence.
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