Trial reportThe Journal of infectious diseases2010
Differences in HIV burden and immune activation within the gut of HIV-positive patients receiving suppressive antiretroviral therapy.
Trial report in The Journal of infectious diseases, 2010. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT00884793 (A Prospective Longitudinal Pilot Study to Measure the Effect of Intensification With Raltegravir +/- a Protease Inhibitor), which is not on this map. Cited by 200 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
A Prospective Longitudinal Pilot Study to Measure the Effect of Intensification With Raltegravir +/- a Protease Inhibitor (PI) or Non-Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor (NNRTI) on HIV-1 Levels in the Gut
Who cites it
200 citing papers in PubMed, 290 citations in OpenAlex.
- Association of cellular HIV-1 DNA and virological success of antiretroviral treatment in HIV-infected sub-Saharan African adults.BMC infectious diseases · 2022Trial
- Delayed gastrointestinal-associated lymphoid tissue reconstitution in duodenum compared with rectum in HIV-infected patients initiating antiretroviral therapy.AIDS (London, England) · 2019Trial
- Switching From a Protease Inhibitor-based Regimen to a Dolutegravir-based Regimen: A Randomized Clinical Trial to Determine the Effect on Peripheral Blood and Ileum Biopsies From Antiretroviral Therapy-suppressed Human Immunodeficiency Virus-infected Individuals.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2019Trial
- Tissue Pharmacologic and Virologic Determinants of Duodenal and Rectal Gastrointestinal-Associated Lymphoid Tissue Immune Reconstitution in HIV-Infected Patients Initiating Antiretroviral Therapy.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2017Trial
- Effects of Combined CCR5/Integrase Inhibitors-Based Regimen on Mucosal Immunity in HIV-Infected Patients Naïve to Antiretroviral Therapy: A Pilot Randomized Trial.PLoS pathogens · 2016Trial
- Virologic and immunologic effects of adding maraviroc to suppressive antiretroviral therapy in individuals with suboptimal CD4+ T-cell recovery.AIDS (London, England) · 2015Trial
- Initiation of ART during early acute HIV infection preserves mucosal Th17 function and reverses HIV-related immune activation.PLoS pathogens · 2014Trial
- HIV-1 DNA decay dynamics in blood during more than a decade of suppressive antiretroviral therapy.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2014Trial
- Activation of HIV transcription with short-course vorinostat in HIV-infected patients on suppressive antiretroviral therapy.PLoS pathogens · 2014Trial
- Trial
- The HIV-1 reservoir in eight patients on long-term suppressive antiretroviral therapy is stable with few genetic changes over time.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2013Trial
- Gut Lactobacillales are associated with higher CD4 and less microbial translocation during HIV infection.AIDS (London, England) · 2013Trial
- Trial
- Residual plasma viraemia and infectious HIV-1 recovery from resting memory CD4 cells in patients on antiretroviral therapy: results from ACTG A5173.Antiviral therapy · 2013Trial
- Kinetics of microbial translocation markers in patients on efavirenz or lopinavir/r based antiretroviral therapy.PloS one · 2013Trial
- Challenges in detecting HIV persistence during potentially curative interventions: a study of the Berlin patient.PLoS pathogens · 2013Trial
- Predictors of residual viraemia in patients on long-term suppressive antiretroviral therapy.Antiviral therapy · 2013Trial
- Prospective antiretroviral treatment of asymptomatic, HIV-1 infected controllers.PLoS pathogens · 2013Trial
- No effect of raltegravir intensification on viral replication markers in the blood of HIV-1-infected patients receiving antiretroviral therapy.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2012Trial
- Trial
140 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
21 authors at 6 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe gut is a major reservoir for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in patients receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART). We hypothesized that distinct immune environments within the gut may support varying levels of HIV.
methodsIn 8 HIV-1-positive adults who were receiving ART and had CD4(+) T cell counts of >200 cells/μL and plasma viral loads of <40 copies/mL, levels of HIV and T cell activation were measured in blood samples and endoscopic biopsy specimens from the duodenum, ileum, ascending colon, and rectum.
resultsHIV DNA and RNA levels per CD4(+) T cell were higher in all 4 gut sites compared with those in the blood. HIV DNA levels increased from the duodenum to the rectum, whereas the median HIV RNA level peaked in the ileum. HIV DNA levels correlated positively with T cell activation markers in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) but negatively with T cell activation markers in the gut. Multiply spliced RNA was infrequently detected in gut, and ratios of unspliced RNA to DNA were lower in the colon and rectum than in PBMCs, which reflects paradoxically low HIV transcription, given the higher level of T cell activation in the gut.
conclusionsHIV DNA and RNA are both concentrated in the gut, but the inverse relationship between HIV DNA levels and T cell activation in the gut and the paradoxically low levels of HIV expression in the large bowel suggest that different processes drive HIV persistence in the blood and gut.
trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT00884793 (PLUS1).
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.