ArticleTobacco control2010
Cigarettes sold in China: design, emissions and metals.
Article in Tobacco control, 2010. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed, 66 citations in OpenAlex.
- A Narrative Review of Metallomic Studies: Revealing the Toxic Metal Burden in Tobacco Smokers.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Evidence of Organ-Specific Metal Accumulation: ICP-MS Elemental Analysis of Autopsy Tissues of Tobacco Smokers.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Cadmium decreases human gingival fibroblast viability and induces pro-inflammatory response associated with Akt and MAPK pathway activation.Frontiers in toxicology · 2025Article
- Determination of Multi Elements in Tobacco Plant of Northeast India by Neutron Activation Analysis and Atomic Absorption Spectrometry.Biological trace element research · 2022Article
- Analysis and differentiation of tobacco-derived and synthetic nicotine products: Addressing an urgent regulatory issue.PloS one · 2022Article
- Spatial variation and fractionation of fluoride in tobacco-planted soils and leaf fluoride concentration in tobacco in Bijie City, Southwest China.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2021Article
- Cadmium exposure and early renal effects in the children and adults living in a tungsten-molybdenum mining areas of South China.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2018Article
- Brief Report: Lead Levels in Selected Electronic Cigarettes from Canada and the United States.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2018Article
- Toxic metals in cigarettes and human health risk assessment associated with inhalation exposure.Environmental monitoring and assessment · 2017Article
- Cadmium and Cadmium/Zinc Ratios and Tobacco-Related Morbidities.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2017Review
- The association between urbanization and reduced renal function: findings from the China Health and Nutrition Survey.BMC nephrology · 2017Article
- The History, Status, Gaps, and Future Directions of Neurotoxicology in China.Environmental health perspectives · 2016Review
- Spatial distribution and contamination assessment of six heavy metals in soils and their transfer into mature tobacco plants in Kushtia District, Bangladesh.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2016Article
- Extracellular cadmium in the bronchoalveolar space of long-term tobacco smokers with and without COPD and its association with inflammation.International journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease · 2016Article
- Systematic Isolation and Characterization of Cadmium Tolerant Genes in Tobacco: A cDNA Library Construction and Screening Approach.PloS one · 2016Article
- Changes in tar yields and cigarette design in samples of Chinese cigarettes, 2009 and 2012.Tobacco control · 2015Article
- Toxic metal and nicotine content of cigarettes sold in China, 2009 and 2012.Tobacco control · 2015Article
- Differences in cadmium transfer from tobacco to cigarette smoke, compared to arsenic or lead.Toxicology reports · 2015Article
- Urinary concentrations of toxic and essential trace elements among rural residents in Hainan Island, China.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2014Article
- Consistency of arsenic speciation in global tobacco products with implications for health and regulation.Tobacco induced diseases · 2014Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundChina is the home to the world's largest cigarette maker, China National Tobacco Company (CNTC), yet little is known publicly about the design and emissions of Chinese cigarettes. CNTC is currently in the process of consolidating its brands and has ambitions to export its cigarettes. Machine-measured tar yields of many of its cigarette brands have also been reduced, similar to what occurred in Western countries from the 1970s through the 1990s with so-called 'low-tar' cigarettes introduced to address consumer concerns about health risks from smoking.
methodThe current study examines the design and physical characteristics, labelled smoke emissions and tobacco metals content of leading brands of Chinese cigarettes from seven cities purchased in 2005-6 and in 2007.
resultsFindings suggest that similar to most countries, tar levels of Chinese cigarettes are predicted primarily by tobacco weight and filter ventilation. Ventilation explained approximately 50% of variation observed in tar and 60% variation in carbon monoxide yields. We found little significant change in key design features of cigarettes purchased in both rounds. We observed significant levels of various metals, averaging 0.82 μg/g arsenic (range 0.3-3.3), 3.21 μg/g cadmium (range 2.0-5.4) and 2.65 μg/g lead (range 1.2-6.5) in a subsample of 13 brands in 2005-6, substantially higher than contemporary Canadian products.
conclusionResults suggest that cigarettes in China increasingly resemble those sold in Western countries, but with tobacco containing higher levels of heavy metals. As CNTC looks to export its product around the world, independent surveillance of tobacco product characteristics, including tobacco blend characteristics, will become increasingly important.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.