ReviewJournal of animal science2011
Triennial Growth Symposium: leucine acts as a nutrient signal to stimulate protein synthesis in neonatal pigs.
Review in Journal of animal science, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 53 citations in OpenAlex.
- Meta-regression analysis to predict the influence of branched-chain and large neutral amino acids on growth performance of pigs1.Journal of animal science · 2019Pooled it
- Effects of Dietary Leucine Levels on Growth Performance and Muscle Quality in Oriental River Prawn (Biology · 2026Article
- Effects of proline on growth performance, protein synthesis and cold resistance in white shrimp (Animal nutrition (Zhongguo xu mu shou yi xue hui) · 2025Article
- Subcellular protein turnover in human neural progenitor cells revealed by correlative electron microscopy and nanoscale secondary ion mass spectrometry imaging.Chemical science · 2024Article
- Changes in Skeletal Muscle Protein Metabolism Signaling Induced by Glutamine Supplementation and Exercise.Nutrients · 2023Article
- Comparison of metabolites in rumen fluid, urine, and feces of dairy cow from subacute ruminal acidosis model measured by proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.Animal bioscience · 2023Article
- The effect of supplementation of essential amino acid combinations in a low crude protein diet on growth performance in weanling pigs.Translational animal science · 2023Article
- Role of Branched-chain Amino Acid Metabolism in Tumor Development and Progression.Journal of cancer prevention · 2021Review
- Plant Proteins for Future Foods: A Roadmap.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- Acute Effect of a Protein Supplement on Targeted Plasma Amino Acid Profile among Healthy Asian Indians: A Randomized Controlled Trial.Journal of nutrition and metabolism · 2020Article
- The Role of the Anabolic Properties of Plant- versus Animal-Based Protein Sources in Supporting Muscle Mass Maintenance: A Critical Review.Nutrients · 2019Review
- Leucine modulates the IPEC-J2 cell proteome associated with cell proliferation, metabolism and phagocytosis.Animal nutrition (Zhongguo xu mu shou yi xue hui) · 2018Article
- Enteral β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate supplementation increases protein synthesis in skeletal muscle of neonatal pigs.American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism · 2016Article
- Pulsatile delivery of a leucine supplement during long-term continuous enteral feeding enhances lean growth in term neonatal pigs.American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism · 2016Article
- Effects of different doses of leucine ingestion following eight weeks of resistance exercise on protein synthesis and hypertrophy of skeletal muscle in rats.Journal of exercise nutrition & biochemistry · 2015Article
- Bolus vs. continuous feeding to optimize anabolism in neonates.Current opinion in clinical nutrition and metabolic care · 2015Review
- Leucine supplementation improves skeletal muscle regeneration after cryolesion in rats.PloS one · 2014Article
- Leucine pulses enhance skeletal muscle protein synthesis during continuous feeding in neonatal pigs.American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism · 2013Article
- Muscle free amino acid profiles are related to differences in skeletal muscle growth between single and twin ovine fetuses near term.SpringerPlus · 2013Article
- Inhibition of mammalian target of rapamycin signaling by CCI-779 (temsirolimus) induces growth inhibition and cell cycle arrest in Cashmere goat fetal fibroblasts (Capra hircus).DNA and cell biology · 2012Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The postprandial increases in AA and insulin independently stimulate protein synthesis in skeletal muscle of piglets. Leucine is an important mediator of the response to AA. We have shown that the postprandial increase in leucine, but not isoleucine or valine, acutely stimulates muscle protein synthesis in piglets. Leucine increases muscle protein synthesis by modulating the activation of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) complex 1 and signaling components of translation initiation. Leucine increases the phosphorylation of mTOR, 70-kDa ribosomal protein S6 kinase-1, eukaryotic initiation factor (eIF) 4E-binding protein-1, and eIF4G; decreases eIF2α phosphorylation; and increases the association of eIF4E with eIF4G. However, leucine does not affect the upstream activators of mTOR, that is, protein kinase B, adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase, and tuberous sclerosis complex 1/2, or the activation of translation elongation regulator, eukaryotic elongation factor 2. The action of leucine can be replicated by α-ketoisocaproate but not by norleucine. Interference by rapamycin with the raptor-mTOR interaction blocks leucine-induced muscle protein synthesis. The acute leucine-induced stimulation of muscle protein synthesis is not maintained for prolonged periods, despite continued activation of mTOR signaling, because circulating AA fall as they are utilized for protein synthesis. However, when circulating AA concentrations are maintained, the leucine-induced stimulation of muscle protein synthesis is maintained for prolonged periods. Thus, leucine acts as a nutrient signal to stimulate translation initiation, but whether this translates into a prolonged increase in protein synthesis depends on the sustained availability of all AA.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.