ArticleExperimental and toxicologic pathology : official journal of the Gesellschaft fur Toxikologische Pathologie2012
Urban air pollution produces up-regulation of myocardial inflammatory genes and dark chocolate provides cardioprotection.
Article in Experimental and toxicologic pathology : official journal of the Gesellschaft fur Toxikologische Pathologie, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 44 citations in OpenAlex.
- PM2.5 Exacerbates Viral Myocarditis by Disrupting Lysophosphatidylcholine Metabolism and Inhibiting the GPR4/ERK/PPARγ Pathway.Journal of applied toxicology : JAT · 2026Article
- Personal Strategies to Reduce the Cardiovascular Impacts of Environmental Exposures.Circulation research · 2024Review
- Selenium and zinc supplementation mitigates metals-(loids) mixture- mediated cardiopulmonary toxicity via attenuation of antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antiapoptotic mechanisms in female Sprague Dawley rats.Toxicology research · 2024Article
- A review of air pollution as a driver of cardiovascular disease risk across the diabetes spectrum.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2024Review
- Protective efficacy of dark chocolate in letrozole-induced ovary toxicity model rats: hormonal, biochemical, and histopathological investigation.Journal of traditional Chinese medicine = Chung i tsa chih ying wen pan · 2022Article
- Therapeutic and Nutraceutical Effects of Polyphenolics from Natural Sources.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Effect of Total Suspended Particulate Matter in the Air on Inflammation Factors and Apoptotic Markers in Diabetic Rats: The Protective Effect of Insulin and Crocin.Reports of biochemistry & molecular biology · 2021Article
- Particulate matter air pollutants and cardiovascular disease: Strategies for intervention.Pharmacology & therapeutics · 2021Review
- Can Plant Phenolic Compounds Protect the Skin from Airborne Particulate Matter?Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2019Review
- The protective effects of selenium supplementation on ambient PMEnvironmental science and pollution research international · 2018Article
- Article
- Oxidative Stress and Cardiovascular Risk: Obesity, Diabetes, Smoking, and Pollution: Part 3 of a 3-Part Series.Journal of the American College of Cardiology · 2017Review
- Investigation of selenium pretreatment in the attenuation of lung injury in rats induced by fine particulate matters.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2017Article
- Short-term Effects of Outdoor Air Pollution on Lung Function among Female Non-smokers in China.Scientific reports · 2016Article
- Comparison of Effect of Two-Hour Exposure to Forest and Urban Environments on Cytokine, Anti-Oxidant, and Stress Levels in Young Adults.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2016Article
- Cacao polyphenols ameliorate autoimmune myocarditis in mice.Hypertension research : official journal of the Japanese Society of Hypertension · 2016Article
- Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Pomegranate Peel Extract in THP-1 Cells Exposed to Particulate Matter PM10.Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine : eCAM · 2016Article
- How might contact with nature promote human health? Promising mechanisms and a possible central pathway.Frontiers in psychology · 2015Review
- Up-regulation of mRNA ventricular PRNP prion protein gene expression in air pollution highly exposed young urbanites: endoplasmic reticulum stress, glucose regulated protein 78, and nanosized particles.International journal of molecular sciences · 2013Article
- Flavonol-rich dark cocoa significantly decreases plasma endothelin-1 and improves cognition in urban children.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2013Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Air pollution is a serious environmental problem. Elderly subjects show increased cardiac morbidity and mortality associated with air pollution exposure. Mexico City (MC) residents are chronically exposed to high concentrations of fine particulate matter (PM(2.5)) and PM-associated lipopolysaccharides (PM-LPS). To test the hypothesis that chronic exposure to urban pollution produces myocardial inflammation, female Balb-c mice age 4 weeks were exposed for 16 months to two distinctly different polluted areas within MC: southwest (SW) and northwest (NW). SW mice were given either no treatment or chocolate 2g/9.5 mg polyphenols/3 times per week. Results were compared to mice kept in clean air. Key inflammatory mediator genes: cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and the LPS receptor CD14 (cluster of differentiation antigen 14) were measured by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Also explored were target NFκB (nuclear factor κB), oxidative stress and antioxidant defense genes. TNF-α, IL-6, and COX-2 were significantly increased in both NW and SWMC mice (p=0.0001). CD14 was up-regulated in SW mice in keeping with the high exposures to particulate matter associated endotoxin. Chocolate administration resulted in a significant down-regulation of TNF-α (p<0.0001), IL-6 (p=0.01), and IL-1β (p=0.02). The up-regulation of antioxidant enzymes and the down-regulation of potent oxidases, toll-like receptors, and pro-apoptotic signaling genes completed the protective profile. Exposure to air pollution produces up-regulation of inflammatory myocardial genes and endotoxin plays a key role in the inflammatory response. Regular consumption of dark chocolate may reduce myocardial inflammation and have cardioprotective properties in the setting of air pollution exposures.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.