Trial reportPsychopharmacology2011
Disruption of opioid-induced placebo responses by activation of cholecystokinin type-2 receptors.
Trial report in Psychopharmacology, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 67 citations in OpenAlex.
- Enhancement of Meditation Analgesia by Opioid Antagonist in Experienced Meditators.Psychosomatic medicineTrial
- Cholecystokinin input from the anterior cingulate cortex to the lateral periaqueductal gray mediates nocebo pain behavior in mice.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Article
- The Biology of Placebo and Nocebo Effects on Experimental and Chronic Pain: State of the Art.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Review
- Blockade of Cholecystokinin Type 2 Receptors Prevents the Onset of Vincristine-Induced Neuropathy in Mice.Pharmaceutics · 2022Article
- The Cholecystokinin Type 2 Receptor, a Pharmacological Target for Pain Management.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- The Use of Conditioning Open-Label Placebo in Opioid Dose Reduction: A Case Report and Literature Review.Frontiers in pain research (Lausanne, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Failure of Placebo Analgesia Model in Rats with Inflammatory Pain.Neuroscience bulletin · 2020Article
- Placebo Effects in the Neuroendocrine System: Conditioning of the Oxytocin Responses.Psychosomatic medicine · 2020Article
- Context matters: the psychoneurobiological determinants of placebo, nocebo and context-related effects in physiotherapy.Archives of physiotherapy · 2020Review
- Nocebos in rheumatology: emerging concepts and their implications for clinical practice.Nature reviews. Rheumatology · 2018Review
- Heteromerization of μ-opioid receptor and cholecystokinin B receptor through the third transmembrane domain of the μ-opioid receptor contributes to the anti-opioid effects of cholecystokinin octapeptide.Experimental & molecular medicine · 2018Article
- Clinical relevance of contextual factors as triggers of placebo and nocebo effects in musculoskeletal pain.BMC musculoskeletal disorders · 2018Review
- Article
- Transcriptomic and behavioural characterisation of a mouse model of burn pain identify the cholecystokinin 2 receptor as an analgesic target.Molecular pain · 2016Article
- Therapeutic Basis of Clinical Pain Modulation.Clinical and translational science · 2015Review
- Pain and the context.Nature reviews. Rheumatology · 2014Review
- Drugs and placebos: what's the difference?: Understanding the molecular basis of the placebo effect could help clinicians to better use it in clinical practice.EMBO reports · 2014Article
- Placebo and the new physiology of the doctor-patient relationship.Physiological reviews · 2013Review
- Placebo use in the United kingdom: results from a national survey of primary care practitioners.PloS one · 2013Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
rationalePlacebos are known to induce analgesia through the activation of μ-opioid receptors in some circumstances, such as after morphine pre-conditioning, an effect that is blocked by opioid antagonists.
objectivesOn the basis of the anti-opioid action of cholecystokinin, here we tested whether the activation of the cholecystokinin type-2 receptors abolishes opioid-induced placebo responses.
methodsThe activation of the cholecystokinin type-2 receptors was performed by means of the agonist pentagastrin, and placebo responses were obtained after morphine pre-conditioning in an experimental human model of pain (tourniquet technique).
resultsOpioid-induced placebo responses were completely disrupted by pentagastrin administration. In addition, a high correlation between the response to morphine and the response to placebo was found, and this correlation was completely abolished by pentagastrin.
conclusionThese results show that the cholecystokinin-2 receptor agonist, pentagastrin, has the same effect as the μ-opioid receptor antagonist, naloxone, on placebo analgesia induced by morphine pre-conditioning, which suggests that the balance between cholecystokinergic and opioidergic systems is crucial in placebo responsiveness in pain. These findings also suggest that cholecystokinin type-2 receptor hyperactivity might be present in placebo non-responders.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.