ArticleEye (London, England)2010
Longitudinal changes in refractive error of children with infantile esotropia.
Article in Eye (London, England), 2010. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 30 citations in OpenAlex.
- Visual and refractive pattern in patients with comitant large angle esotropia.BMC ophthalmology · 2026Article
- Investigation of Natural Refractive Changes in Young Hyperopic Children Using Atropine Cycloplegic Refraction.Cureus · 2025Article
- Longitudinal development of ocular biometric components and refractive error in children with hyperopic anisometropia.Ophthalmic & physiological optics : the journal of the British College of Ophthalmic Opticians (Optometrists) · 2025Article
- Refractive Profile and Angle of Deviation in Patients with Congenital Esotropia and Congenital Exotropia.Journal of ophthalmic & vision research · 2025Article
- Ocular Biometric Components in Hyperopic Children and a Machine Learning-Based Model to Predict Axial Length.Translational vision science & technology · 2024Article
- Types of refractive errors in a sample of Iraqi children with Intermittent exotropia.F1000Research · 2024Article
- Essential Infantile Esotropia: A Course of Treatment From Our Experience.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2021Article
- Classification of Visual Cortex Plasticity Phenotypes following Treatment for Amblyopia.Neural plasticity · 2019Article
- Long-term development of refractive error in refractive, nonrefractive and partially accommodative esotropia.PloS one · 2018Article
- Observations on the relationship between anisometropia, amblyopia and strabismus.Vision research · 2017Review
- Longitudinal Development of Refractive Error in Children With Accommodative Esotropia: Onset, Amblyopia, and Anisometropia.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2016Article
- Long-Term Changes in Refractive Error and Clinical Evaluation in Partially Accommodative Esotropia after Surgery.PloS one · 2016Article
- Binocular iPad treatment for amblyopia in preschool children.Journal of AAPOS : the official publication of the American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus · 2015Article
- The relationship between anisometropia and amblyopia.Progress in retinal and eye research · 2013Review
- Amblyopia and binocular vision.Progress in retinal and eye research · 2013Review
- Is hypermetropia regressing in accommodative esotropia?Arquivos brasileiros de oftalmologiaArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
aimthe aim of this study was to quantify changes in refractive status over time in children with infantile esotropia (ET) and to analyse a number of clinical factors associated with infantile ET to determine how they may affect emmetropisation.
methodslongitudinal cycloplegic refraction data were collected for 5-12 years from 143 consecutive children enroled in a prospective study of infantile ET by 6 months of age. Changes in refractive error with age were summarised with descriptive statistics and the influence of amblyopia, undercorrection of hypermetropia, accommodation, and binocular factors on emmetropisation were evaluated by analysis of variance and t-tests.
resultsmost had low to moderate hypermetropia on the initial visit (55% had <+3.00 D). Although the initial refractive error is similar to normative data, the rapid decrease in hypermetropia that characterises normal development during the first 9 months of life is absent in children with infantile ET. After 9 months of age, children with infantile ET follow a developmental course, which is similar to the normative course; there is little change in hypermetropia during years 1-7, followed by a decline of approximately -0.5 D/year beginning at age 8 years. None of the clinical factors examined had a statistically significant effect on the course of refractive changes with age.
conclusionchildren with infantile ET exhibit a different pattern of refractive development than that seen in normative cohorts. The long-term changes in refraction observed in children with infantile ET suggest that there is a need for long-term clinical follow-up of these children.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.