ArticleTobacco control2011
Secondhand tobacco smoke exposure in selected public places (PM2.5 and air nicotine) and non-smoking employees (hair nicotine) in Ghana.
Article in Tobacco control, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.
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Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 33 citations in OpenAlex.
- Indoor Air Pollutants of PM2.5, Carbon Monoxide, Nicotine, and Carcinogens in Waterpipe Bars.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2026Article
- Ubiquitous atmospheric contamination by tobacco smoke: Nicotine and a new marker for tobacco smoke-derived particulate matter, nicotelline.Environment international · 2021Article
- Impacts of electronic cigarettes usage on air quality of vape shops and their nearby areas.The Science of the total environment · 2021Article
- Adherence to smoke-free policies in Ghana: Findings from a cross-sectional survey of hospitality venue owners and staff.Tobacco prevention & cessation · 2021Article
- Support for smoke-free public places among adults in four countries in sub-Saharan Africa.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2020Article
- Exposure to secondhand smoke in hospitality settings in Ghana: Evidence of changes since implementation of smoke-free legislation.Tobacco induced diseases · 2020Article
- Indoor air quality in waterpipe cafés: exposure level to particulate matter.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2019Article
- Malignant tumours in urban Ghana: evidence from the city of Kumasi.BMC cancer · 2019Article
- Observational
- PM2.5 as a marker of exposure to tobacco smoke and other sources of particulate matter in Cairo, Egypt.The international journal of tuberculosis and lung disease : the official journal of the International Union against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease · 2016Article
- Occupational secondhand smoke is the main determinant of hair nicotine concentrations in bar and restaurant workers.Environmental research · 2014Article
- Article
- Secondhand tobacco smoke: an occupational hazard for smoking and non-smoking bar and nightclub employees.Tobacco control · 2013Article
- Impact of a smoking ban in hospitality venues on second hand smoke exposure: a comparison of exposure assessment methods.BMC public health · 2013Article
- Environmental monitoring of secondhand smoke exposure.Tobacco control · 2013Review
- Protecting the world from secondhand tobacco smoke exposure: where do we stand and where do we go from here?Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2013Review
- Indoor fine particle (PM2.5) pollution exposure due to secondhand smoke in selected public places of Sri Lanka.American journal of industrial medicine · 2012Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundSecondhand tobacco smoke (SHS) exposure is a global public health problem. Ghana currently has no legislation to prevent smoking in public places. To provide data on SHS levels in hospitality venues in Ghana the authors measured (1) airborne particulate matter <2.5 μm (PM(2.5)) and nicotine concentrations and (2) hair nicotine concentrations in non-smoking employees. Quantifying SHS exposure will provide evidence needed to develop tobacco control legislation.
methodPM(2.5) was measured for 30 min in 75 smoking and 13 non-smoking venues. Air nicotine concentrations were measured for 7 days in 8 smoking and 2 non-smoking venues. Additionally, 63 non-smoking employees provided hair samples for nicotine analysis.
resultCompared to non-smoking venues, smoking venues had markedly elevated PM(2.5) (median 553 [IQR 259-1038] vs 16.0 [14.0-17.0]μg/m(3)) and air nicotine (1.83 [0.91-4.25] vs 0.03 [0.02-0.04]μg/m(3)) concentrations. Hair nicotine concentrations were also higher in non-smoking employees working in smoking venues (median 2.49 [0.46-6.84] ng/mg) compared to those working in non-smoking venues (median 0.16 [0.08-0.79]ng/mg). Hair nicotine concentrations correlated with self-reported hours of SHS exposure (r=0.35), indoor air PM(2.5) concentrations (r=0.47) and air nicotine concentrations (r=0.63).
conclusionSHS levels were unacceptably high in public places in Ghana where smoking is allowed, despite a relatively low-smoking prevalence in the country. This is one of the first studies to ascertain SHS and hair nicotine in Africa. Levels were comparable to those measured in American, Asian and European countries without or before smoking bans. Implementing a comprehensive smoke-free legislation that protects workers and customers from exposure to secondhand smoke is urgently needed in Ghana.
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