ReviewBiology of reproduction2011
Estrogen, efferent ductules, and the epididymis.
Review in Biology of reproduction, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 45 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
45 citing papers in PubMed, 143 citations in OpenAlex.
- Phthalate Exposure During Pregnancy and Lactation Transgenerationally Impairs the Epididymis in the Offspring of Rats.Journal of biochemical and molecular toxicology · 2025Article
- Exploring the potential protective role of anthocyanins in mitigating micro/nanoplastic-induced reproductive toxicity: A steroid receptor perspective.Journal of pharmaceutical analysis · 2025Review
- Molecular Pathways Implicated in the Differentiation and Function of Epididymal Basal Cells.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2025Review
- The significance of single-cell transcriptome analysis in epididymis research.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2024Article
- Vasopressin V1a receptor and oxytocin receptor regulate murine sperm motility differently.Life science alliance · 2023Article
- Transcriptome profiling of the initial segment and proximal caput of mouse epididymis.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2023Article
- Differential expression and localization of tight junction proteins in the goat epididymis.Journal of animal science and technology · 2022Article
- Review
- Morphological and morphometric changes and epithelial apoptosis are induced in the rat epididymis by long-term letrozole treatment.European journal of histochemistry : EJH · 2021Article
- Epididymal initial segment-specific Cre recombinase activity in Lcn8-Cre knock-in mice.Molecular biology reports · 2021Article
- Zika virus disrupts the barrier structure and Absorption/Secretion functions of the epididymis in mice.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2021Article
- Investigating the Role of the microRNA-34/449 Family in Male Infertility: A Critical Analysis and Review of the Literature.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2021Review
- A novel mouse line with epididymal initial segment-specific expression of Cre recombinase driven by the endogenous Lcn9 promoter.PloS one · 2021Article
- Function and therapeutic potential of G protein-coupled receptors in epididymis.British journal of pharmacology · 2020Review
- NCOA5 Haplo-insufficiency Results in Male Mouse Infertility through Increased IL-6 Expression in the Epididymis.Scientific reports · 2019Article
- Defects in efferent duct multiciliogenesis underlie male infertility in GEMC1-, MCIDAS- or CCNO-deficient mice.Development (Cambridge, England) · 2019Article
- Male reproductive tract cilia beat to a different drummer.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2019Article
- Sequential testicular atrophy involves changes in cellular proliferation and apoptosis associated with variations in aromatase P450 expression levels in Irs-2-deficient mice.Journal of anatomy · 2019Article
- Estrogen in the male: a historical perspective.Biology of reproduction · 2018Review
- Busulfan administration produces toxic effects on epididymal morphology and inhibits the expression of ZO-1 and vimentin in the mouse epididymis.Bioscience reports · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Estrogen's presence in the male reproductive system has been known for over 60 years, but its potential function in the epididymis remains an important area of investigation. Estrogen is synthesized by germ cells, producing a relatively high concentration in rete testis fluid. There are two estrogen receptors (ESR), the presence of which in the head of the epididymis is well documented and consistent between species; however, in other regions of the epididymis, their expression appears to be isotype, species, and cell specific. ESR1 is expressed constitutively in the epididymis; however, its presence is downregulated by high doses of estrogen, making the design of experiments complicated, as the phenotype of the Cyp19a1(-/-) mouse does not resemble that of the Esr1(-/-) mouse. Ligand-independent and DNA-binding Esr1 mutant models further demonstrate the complexity and importance of both signaling pathways in maintenance of efferent ductules and epididymis. Data now reveal the presence of not only classical nuclear receptors, but also cytoplasmic ESR and rapid responding membrane receptors; however, their importance in the epididymis remains undetermined. ESR1 regulates ion transport and water reabsorption in the efferent ducts and epididymis, and its regulation of other associated genes is continually being uncovered. In the male, some genes, such as Aqp9 and Slc9a3, contain both androgen and estrogen response elements and are dually regulated by these hormones. While estrogen pathways are a necessity for fertility in the male, future studies are needed to understand the interplay between androgens and estrogens in epididymal tissues, particularly in cell types that contain both receptors and their cofactors.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.