Trial reportPsychological medicine2011
The heterogeneity of antipsychotic response in the treatment of schizophrenia.
Trial report in Psychological medicine, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 33 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
33 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 78 citations in OpenAlex.
- Early Non-Response to Antipsychotic Treatment in Schizophrenia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Evidence-Based Management Options.CNS drugs · 2023Pooled it
- A systematic review and narrative synthesis of data-driven studies in schizophrenia symptoms and cognitive deficits.Translational psychiatry · 2020Pooled it
- Response trajectories to clozapine in a secondary analysis of pivotal trials support using treatment response to subtype schizophrenia.Canadian journal of psychiatry. Revue canadienne de psychiatrie · 2015Pooled it
- Is the PANSS used correctly? a systematic review.BMC psychiatry · 2011Pooled it
- Heterogeneity of Treatment Effects of Long-Acting Injectable Antipsychotic Medications.The Journal of clinical psychiatry · 2018Trial
- The GRM7 gene, early response to risperidone, and schizophrenia: a genome-wide association study and a confirmatory pharmacogenetic analysis.The pharmacogenomics journal · 2017Trial
- Trial
- Ensemble clustering: A practical tutorial.Behavior research methods · 2026Article
- Trajectories of psychotic symptoms and fronto-parietal resting state functional connectivity MRI following an antipsychotic trial in medication-naïve first-episode psychosis patients.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2026Article
- Blood‑brain barrier dysfunction in schizophrenia: Mechanisms and implications (Review).International journal of molecular medicine · 2025Review
- Latent Trajectories of Positive, Negative Symptoms and Functioning in Early Intervention Services for First-Episode Psychosis: A 2-Year Follow-Up Study.Schizophrenia bulletin · 2025Article
- Placebo and nocebo phenomena in schizophrenia spectrum disorders: a narrative review on current knowledge and potential future directions.Psychological medicine · 2025Review
- Exploring the latent cognitive structure in schizophrenia: implications for antipsychotic treatment responses.European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience · 2025Article
- Plasma microRNAs Associate Positive, Negative, and Cognitive Symptoms with Inflammation in Schizophrenia.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Dimensional Neuroimaging Endophenotypes: Neurobiological Representations of Disease Heterogeneity Through Machine Learning.Biological psychiatry · 2024Review
- Article
- Comparison of prediction methods for treatment continuation of antipsychotics in children and adolescents with schizophrenia.Evidence-based mental health · 2022Article
- White Matter Microstructural Differences between Hallucinating and Non-Hallucinating Schizophrenia Spectrum Patients.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Dopamine, Cognitive Impairments and Second-Generation Antipsychotics: From Mechanistic Advances to More Personalized Treatments.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Review
- Gene expression and response prediction to amisulpride in the OPTiMiSE first episode psychoses.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundSchizophrenia is a heterogeneous disorder in terms of patient response to antipsychotic treatment. Understanding the heterogeneity of treatment response may help to guide treatment decisions. This study was undertaken to capture inherent patterns of response to antipsychotic treatment in patients with schizophrenia, characterize the subgroups of patients with similar courses of response, and examine illness characteristics at baseline as possible predictors of response.
methodGrowth mixture modeling (GMM) was applied to data from a randomized, double-blind, 12-week study of 628 patients with schizophrenia or schizo-affective disorder treated with risperidone or olanzapine.
resultsFour distinct response trajectories based on Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) total score over 12 weeks were identified: Class 1 (420 patients, 80.6%) with moderate average baseline PANSS total score showing gradual symptom improvement; Class 2 (65 patients, 12.5%) showing rapid symptom improvement; Class 3 (24 patients, 4.6%) with high average baseline PANSS total score showing gradual symptom improvement; and Class 4 (12 patients, 2.3%) showing unsustained symptom improvement. Latent class membership of early responders (ER) and early non-responders (ENR) was determined based on 20% symptom improvement criteria at 2 weeks and ultimate responders (UR) and ultimate non-responders (UNR) based on 40% symptom improvement criteria at 12 weeks. Baseline factors with potential influence on latent class membership were identified.
conclusionsThis study identified four distinct treatment response patterns with predominant representation of responders or non-responders to treatment in these classes. This heterogeneity may represent discrete endophenotypes of response to treatment with different etiologic underpinnings.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.