ArticleJournal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999)2011
Extreme genetic divergence is required for coreceptor switching in HIV-1 subtype C.
Article in Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999), 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 56 citations in OpenAlex.
- Evolution of Multiple Domains of the HIV-1 Envelope Glycoprotein during Coreceptor Switch with CCR5 Antagonist Therapy.Microbiology spectrum · 2022Trial
- Coreceptor usage of plasma and cerebrospinal fluid-derived HIV-1 subtype C variants.Virology journal · 2026Article
- Dynamics and features of transmission clusters of HIV-1 subtypes in the state of São Paulo, Brazil.Frontiers in public health · 2024Article
- Article
- HIV-1 tropism in low-level viral load HIV-1 infections during HAART in Guangdong, China.Frontiers in microbiology · 2023Article
- Understanding the mechanisms driving the spread of subtype C HIV-1.EBioMedicine · 2020Review
- Effect of Amino Acid Substitutions Within the V3 Region of HIV-1 CRF01_AE on Interaction with CCR5-Coreceptor.AIDS research and human retroviruses · 2017Article
- High-Sequence Diversity and Rapid Virus Turnover Contribute to Higher Rates of Coreceptor Switching in Treatment-Experienced Subjects with HIV-1 Viremia.AIDS research and human retroviruses · 2017Article
- Frequency and Env determinants of HIV-1 subtype C strains from antiretroviral therapy-naive subjects that display incomplete inhibition by maraviroc.Retrovirology · 2016Article
- Utilization of HIV-1 envelope V3 to identify X4- and R5-specific Tat and LTR sequence signatures.Retrovirology · 2016Article
- Evolution of HIV-1 coreceptor usage and coreceptor switching during pregnancy.AIDS research and human retroviruses · 2014Article
- Article
- Alterations in HIV-1 gp120 V3 region are necessary but not sufficient for coreceptor switching in CRF07_BC in China.PloS one · 2014Article
- Article
- Linkages between HIV-1 specificity for CCR5 or CXCR4 and in vitro usage of alternative coreceptors during progressive HIV-1 subtype C infection.Retrovirology · 2013Article
- CoRSeqV3-C: a novel HIV-1 subtype C specific V3 sequence based coreceptor usage prediction algorithm.Retrovirology · 2013Article
- Article
- HIV-1 pathogenesis: the virus.Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in medicine · 2012Article
- Review
- HIV-1 induced bystander apoptosis.Viruses · 2012Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundCoreceptor switching from CCR5 to CXCR4 is less common in subtype C HIV-1 infection than in subtype B for reasons that are unclear. We have examined sequential virus samples from a subtype C-infected child who had evidence of coreceptor switching.
methodsTo examine HIV-1 envelope evolution towards CXCR4 usage, env sequences were correlated with phenotypic characteristics determined by entry assays, as well as the ability to use alternative coreceptors such as FPRL1, CCR3, CCR8 and others. The value of a phenotype predictor based on V3 sequences was also assessed.
resultsNinety-three sequences revealed 3 distinct coexistent virus lineages and only some members of one lineage evolved to use CXCR4. These lineages also had diverse alternative coreceptor patterns including the ability to use FPRL1, CCR3, CCR8, APJ, CMKLR1, RDC-1, CXCR6, CCR1, GPCR1, GPR15 and CCR6. Coreceptor switching was associated with extensive and rapid sequence divergence in the V1/V2 region in addition to V3 changes. Furthermore, interlineage recombination within the C2 region resulted in low predictability of a V3 sequence-based phenotype algorithm, and highlighted the importance of V1/V2 and V3 sequences in coreceptor usage.
conclusionThese results suggest that the evolution to coreceptor switching in subtype C infection requires more mutations than other subtypes, and this contributes to the reduced incidence of R5X4 viruses.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.