ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2010
Endocytosis is required for Toll signaling and shaping of the Dorsal/NF-kappaB morphogen gradient during Drosophila embryogenesis.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2010. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers.
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21 citing papers in PubMed, 36 citations in OpenAlex.
- Niche-derived exosomes controlFrontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- A live-cell biosensor of in vivo receptor tyrosine kinase activity reveals feedback regulation of a developmental gradient.Cell reports · 2025Article
- Article
- Toll-7 promotes tumour growth and invasion in Drosophila.Cell proliferation · 2022Article
- PmAP2-β depletion enhanced activation of the Toll signaling pathway during yellow head virus infection in the black tiger shrimp Penaeus monodon.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- Article
- The receptor tyrosine kinase Ror is required for dendrite regeneration in Drosophila neurons.PLoS biology · 2020Article
- Article
- A novel function for the IκB inhibitor Cactus in promoting Dorsal nuclear localization and activity in theDevelopment (Cambridge, England) · 2017Article
- Toll pathway is required for wound-induced expression of barrier repair genes in theProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2017Article
- Differential modulation of the cellular and humoral immune responses in Drosophila is mediated by the endosomal ARF1-Asrij axis.Scientific reports · 2017Article
- Genetic Screen in Drosophila Larvae Links ird1 Function to Toll Signaling in the Fat Body and Hemocyte Motility.PloS one · 2016Article
- A fluorescent tagging approach in Drosophila reveals late endosomal trafficking of Notch and Sanpodo.The Journal of cell biology · 2014Article
- Cell-surface localization of Pellino antagonizes Toll-mediated innate immune signalling by controlling MyD88 turnover in Drosophila.Nature communications · 2014Article
- Conventional and non-conventional Drosophila Toll signaling.Developmental and comparative immunology · 2014Review
- Calpain A modulates Toll responses by limited Cactus/IκB proteolysis.Molecular biology of the cell · 2013Article
- Polydnaviral ankyrin proteins aid parasitic wasp survival by coordinate and selective inhibition of hematopoietic and immune NF-kappa B signaling in insect hosts.PLoS pathogens · 2013Article
- Phosphoinositide binding by the Toll adaptor dMyD88 controls antibacterial responses in Drosophila.Immunity · 2012Article
- Alternative pathway of cell death in Drosophila mediated by NF-κB transcription factor Relish.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2012Article
- Regulation of Toll and Toll-like receptor signaling by the endocytic pathway.Small GTPases · 2011Article
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Dorsoventral cell fate in the Drosophila embryo is specified by activation of the Toll receptor, leading to a ventral-to-dorsal gradient across nuclei of the NF-κB transcription factor Dorsal. Toll receptor has been investigated genetically, molecularly, and immunohistologically, but much less is known about its dynamics in living embryos. Using live imaging of fluorescent protein chimeras, we find that Toll is recruited from the plasma membrane to Rab5(+) early endosomes. The distribution of a constitutively active form of Toll, Toll(10b), is shifted from the plasma membrane to early endosomes. Inhibition of endocytosis on the ventral side of the embryo attenuates Toll signaling ventrally and causes Dorsal to accumulate on the dorsal side of the embryo, essentially inverting the dorsal/ventral axis. Conversely, enhancing endocytosis laterally greatly potentiates Toll signaling locally, altering the shape of the Dorsal gradient. Photoactivation and fluorescence recovery after photobleaching studies reveal that Toll exhibits extremely limited lateral diffusion within the plasma membrane, whereas Toll is highly compartmentalized in endosomes. When endocytosis is blocked ventrally, creating an ectopic dorsal signaling center, Toll is preferentially endocytosed at the ectopic signaling center. We propose that Toll signals from an endocytic compartment rather than the plasma membrane. Our studies reveal that endocytosis plays a pivotal role in the spatial regulation of Toll receptor activation and signaling and in the correct shaping of the nuclear Dorsal concentration gradient.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.