ReviewBMC biology2010
Immunogenicity and efficacy of oral vaccines in developing countries: lessons from a live cholera vaccine.
Review in BMC biology, 2010. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 155 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
155 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Vaccines for preventing rotavirus diarrhoea: vaccines in use.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2021Pooled it
- Vaccines for preventing rotavirus diarrhoea: vaccines in use.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2019Pooled it
- Vaccines for preventing rotavirus diarrhoea: vaccines in use.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2019Pooled it
- Rotavirus vaccine and diarrhea mortality: quantifying regional variation in effect size.BMC public health · 2011Pooled it
- Co-administration of oral killed whole-cell recombinant cholera toxin B-subunit vaccine (WC-rCTB) and live Salmonella Typhi Ty21a vaccine: a prospective randomized open-label trial.Journal of travel medicine · 2026Trial
- The case for evaluation of double mutant heat-labile toxin as an adjuvant to improve oral cholera vaccine immunogenicity.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Trial
- Effect of prenatal multiple micronutrient supplements and medium-quantity lipid-based nutritional supplements on maternal weight gain and infant birth weight in rural Niger: a cluster-randomised trial.BMJ global health · 2025Trial
- Immunogenicity of an oral rotavirus vaccine administered with prenatal nutritional support in Niger: A cluster randomized clinical trial.PLoS medicine · 2021Trial
- Safety and immunogenicity of a parenteral trivalent P2-VP8 subunit rotavirus vaccine: a multisite, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.The Lancet. Infectious diseases · 2020Trial
- Trial
- Safety and Immunogenicity of Live Oral Cholera Vaccine CVD 103-HgR in Children and Adolescents Aged 6-17 Years.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2020Trial
- Trial
- Diarrheal Etiology and Impact of Coinfections on Rotavirus Vaccine Efficacy Estimates in a Clinical Trial of a Monovalent Human-Bovine (116E) Oral Rotavirus Vaccine, Rotavac, India.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2019Trial
- Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Double-Blind Phase 2 Trial Comparing the Reactogenicity and Immunogenicity of a Single Standard Dose to Those of a High Dose of CVD 103-HgR Live Attenuated Oral Cholera Vaccine, with Shanchol Inactivated Oral Vaccine as an Open-Label Immunologic Comparator.Clinical and vaccine immunology : CVI · 2017Trial
- Safety and immunogenicity of a parenteral P2-VP8-P[8] subunit rotavirus vaccine in toddlers and infants in South Africa: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.The Lancet. Infectious diseases · 2017Trial
- Single-dose Live Oral Cholera Vaccine CVD 103-HgR Protects Against Human Experimental Infection With Vibrio cholerae O1 El Tor.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2016Trial
- A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial Evaluating Safety and Immunogenicity of the Killed, Bivalent, Whole-Cell Oral Cholera Vaccine in Ethiopia.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2015Trial
- An Open Label Non-inferiority Trial Assessing Vibriocidal Response of a Killed Bivalent Oral Cholera Vaccine Regimen following a Five Year Interval in Kolkata, India.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2015Trial
- Effect of Antihelminthic Treatment on Vaccine Immunogenicity to a Seasonal Influenza Vaccine in Primary School Children in Gabon: A Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2015Trial
- Risk factors associated with recurrent diarrheal illnesses among children in Kabul, Afghanistan: a prospective cohort study.PloS one · 2015Trial
95 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Oral vaccines, whether living or non-living, viral or bacterial, elicit diminished immune responses or have lower efficacy in developing countries than in developed countries. Here I describe studies with a live oral cholera vaccine that include older children no longer deriving immune support from breast milk or maternal antibodies and that identify some of the factors accounting for the lower immunogenicity, as well as suggesting counter-measures that may enhance the effectiveness of oral immunization in developing countries. The fundamental breakthrough is likely to require reversing effects of the 'environmental enteropathy' that is often present in children living in fecally contaminated, impoverished environments.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.