ArticleAmerican journal of respiratory and critical care medicine2011
Experimental rhinovirus infection as a human model of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbation.
Article in American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 219 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Biomarkers and Clinical Characteristics That Identify the Risk of an Exacerbation Following Viral Upper Respiratory Tract Infections in COPD Patients
A Phase 2, Single-Center, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Study of PUL-042 Inhalation Solution in Rhinovirus-induced Symptoms in Current Smokers With Gold Stage 0 Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)
Who cites it
219 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 406 citations in OpenAlex.
- Breathing insights: Biomarkers as tools for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease assessment - A systematic review.Indian journal of pharmacology · 2026Pooled it
- Prevalence and risk of viral infection in patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a meta-analysis.Molecular biology reports · 2014Pooled it
- Pulmonary biomarkers in COPD exacerbations: a systematic review.Respiratory research · 2013Pooled it
- Nebulised interferon beta-1a (SNG001) in the treatment of viral exacerbations of COPD.Respiratory research · 2024Trial
- Complexity in clinical diagnoses of acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.BMC pulmonary medicine · 2023Trial
- Short-term repeated HRV-16 exposure results in an attenuated immune response in vivo in humans.PloS one · 2018Trial
- Viral load is strongly associated with length of stay in adults hospitalised with viral acute respiratory illness.The Journal of infection · 2016Trial
- Trial
- Review
- Viral dsRNA drives hyperinflammatory but blunted antiviral responses with enhanced PD-L1 induction in a COPD-like airway epithelial model.Biochemistry and biophysics reports · 2026Article
- A targeted antioxidant nanomedicine regulates mitochondrial ROS and antiviral immunity in rhinovirus-infected human bronchial epithelial cells.Drug delivery and translational research · 2026Article
- Review
- Epithelial cells in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbations: Targets for lung repair.Pharmacological reviews · 2026Review
- The Nose-Lung Axis in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: An Emerging Interface for Clinical Endotyping, Biomarker Discovery, and Integrated Management.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Article
- Epidemiological characteristics and genetic evolution of rhinovirus in Jining City, 2024-2025.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Article
- The Human Respiratory Virome in Health and Disease: Interactions, Dysbiosis, and Methodological Challenges.Advanced genetics (Hoboken, N.J.) · 2025Review
- Evaluating short-chain fatty acids in breath condensate as surrogate measurements for systemic levels and investigation into alternative respiratory sample matrices.Clinical science (London, England : 1979) · 2025Article
- Viruses in bronchiectasis.ERJ open research · 2025Review
- Rigorous methodological approaches to address knowledge gaps in exercise, nutrition, immunity, and infection risk research.Physiological reports · 2025Review
159 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
15 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
rationaleRespiratory virus infections are associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) exacerbations, but a causative relationship has not been proven. Studies of naturally occurring exacerbations are difficult and the mechanisms linking virus infection to exacerbations are poorly understood. We hypothesized that experimental rhinovirus infection in subjects with COPD would reproduce the features of naturally occurring COPD exacerbations and is a valid model of COPD exacerbations.
objectivesTo evaluate experimental rhinovirus infection as a model of COPD exacerbation and to investigate the mechanisms of virus-induced exacerbations.
methodsWe used experimental rhinovirus infection in 13 subjects with COPD and 13 nonobstructed control subjects to investigate clinical, physiologic, pathologic, and antiviral responses and relationships between virus load and these outcomes. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN
resultsClinical data; inflammatory mediators in blood, sputum, and bronchoalveolar lavage; and viral load in nasal lavage, sputum, and bronchoalveolar lavage were measured at baseline and after infection with rhinovirus 16. After rhinovirus infection subjects with COPD developed lower respiratory symptoms, airflow obstruction, and systemic and airway inflammation that were greater and more prolonged compared with the control group. Neutrophil markers in sputum related to clinical outcomes and virus load correlated with inflammatory markers. Virus load was higher and IFN production by bronchoalveolar lavage cells was impaired in the subjects with COPD.
conclusionsWe have developed a new model of COPD exacerbation that strongly supports a causal relationship between rhinovirus infection and COPD exacerbations. Impaired IFN production and neutrophilic inflammation may be important mechanisms in virus-induced COPD exacerbations.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.