ArticleThe AAPS journal2010
Pulmonary immunization of guinea pigs with diphtheria CRM-197 antigen as nanoparticle aggregate dry powders enhance local and systemic immune responses.
Article in The AAPS journal, 2010. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 38 citations in OpenAlex.
- Targeting Immune Cells.Journal of aerosol medicine and pulmonary drug delivery · 2024Review
- Aerosol pulmonary immune engineering.Advanced drug delivery reviews · 2023Review
- The recombinant protein combined vaccine based on the fragment C of tetanus toxin and the cross-reacting material 197.Applied microbiology and biotechnology · 2021Article
- Developments in the formulation and delivery of spray dried vaccines.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2017Review
- Interaction of biomedical nanoparticles with the pulmonary immune system.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2017Review
- A stable live bacterial vaccine.European journal of pharmaceutics and biopharmaceutics : official journal of Arbeitsgemeinschaft fur Pharmazeutische Verfahrenstechnik e.V · 2016Article
- Optimized Formulation of a Thermostable Spray-Dried Virus-Like Particle Vaccine against Human Papillomavirus.Molecular pharmaceutics · 2016Article
- Large Porous Hollow Particles: Lightweight Champions of Pulmonary Drug Delivery.Current pharmaceutical design · 2016Review
- Preclinical refinements of a broadly protective VLP-based HPV vaccine targeting the minor capsid protein, L2.Vaccine · 2015Article
- Cellobiose-coated poly(lactide-co-glycolide) particles loaded with diphtheria toxoid for per os immunization.Croatian medical journal · 2015Article
- The expanding role of aerosols in systemic drug delivery, gene therapy and vaccination: an update.Translational respiratory medicine · 2014Review
- Nanocarriers targeting dendritic cells for pulmonary vaccine delivery.Pharmaceutical research · 2013Review
- Trojan microparticles for drug delivery.Pharmaceutics · 2012Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
This study establishes the immune response elicited in guinea pigs after pulmonary and parenteral immunizations with diphtheria CRM-197 antigen (CrmAg). Several spray-dried powders of formalin-treated/untreated CrmAg nanoaggregates with L-leucine were delivered to the lungs of guinea pigs. A control group consisting of alum with adsorbed CrmAg in saline was administered by intramuscular injection. Animals received three doses of powder vaccines containing 20 or 40 μg of CrmAg. The serum IgG titers were measured for 16 weeks after the initial immunization; IgA titers were measured at the time of sacrifice in the broncho-alveolar lavage fluid. Further, toxin neutralization tests in naïve guinea pigs were performed for a few select serum samples. Histopathology of the lung tissues was conducted to evaluate inflammation or injury to the lung tissues. While the highest titer of serum IgG antibody was observed in guinea pigs immunized by the intramuscular route, those animals immunized with dry powder formulation by the pulmonary route, and without the adjuvant alum, exhibited high IgA titers. A pulmonary administered dry powder, compared to parenteral immunization, conferred complete protection in the toxin neutralization test. Mild inflammation was observed in lung tissues of animals receiving dry powder vaccines by the pulmonary route. Thus, administering novel CrmAg as dry powders to the lungs may be able to overcome some of the disadvantages observed with the existing diphtheria vaccine which is administered by the parenteral route. In addition, these powders will have the advantage of eliciting a high mucosal immune response in the lungs without using traditional adjuvants.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.