ArticlePloS one2010
PPARγ ligands switched high fat diet-induced macrophage M2b polarization toward M2a thereby improving intestinal Candida elimination.
Article in PloS one, 2010. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 44 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
44 citing papers in PubMed, 84 citations in OpenAlex.
- Paternal transgenerational epigenetic effects: high fat diet induced obesity alters miRNA expression in F1 and F2 C57BL/6 male mice.Molecular genetics and genomics : MGG · 2025Article
- Article
- Commensal colonization ofMicrobiology spectrum · 2025Article
- Macrophage Signaling Pathways in Health and Disease: From Bench to Bedside Applications.MedComm · 2025Review
- Artificial intelligence-driven integration of single-cell RNA sequencing and transcriptome analysis to decipher APOE's role in gastric cancer prognosis and therapy.Discover oncology · 2025Article
- Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids influence colorectal cancer progression via the interactions between the intestinal microflora and the macrophages.Molecular and cellular biochemistry · 2024Review
- Metabolic homeostasis in fungal infections from the perspective of pathogens, immune cells, and whole-body systems.Microbiology and molecular biology reviews : MMBR · 2024Review
- Engineered polysaccharides for controlling innate and adaptive immune responses.Nature reviews bioengineering · 2024Article
- Article
- Tumor-Associated Macrophage Subsets: Shaping Polarization and Targeting.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Regulatory mechanisms of macrophage polarization in adipose tissue.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- What is the Potential Interplay between Microbiome and Tumor Microenvironment in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinomas?Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention : APJCP · 2022Review
- Use of integrated metabolomics, transcriptomics, and signal protein profile to characterize the effector function and associated metabotype of polarized macrophage phenotypes.Journal of leukocyte biology · 2022Article
- Gut Microbiota, Macrophages and Diet: An Intriguing New Triangle in Intestinal Fibrosis.Microorganisms · 2022Review
- Diabetes-Induced Changes in Macrophage Biology Might Lead to Reduced Risk for Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Development.Metabolites · 2022Article
- Pioglitazone, a Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-γ Agonist, Downregulates the Inflammatory Response in Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Patients Without Interfering inFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2022Article
- Nutrient supplements from selected botanicals mediated immune modulation of the tumor microenvironment and antitumor mechanism.Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2021Article
- Obesity-Associated Myeloid Immunosuppressive Cells, Key Players in Cancer Risk and Response to Immunotherapy.Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.) · 2021Review
- Comparative study of the effects of ziram and disulfiram on human monocyte-derived macrophage functions and polarization: involvement of zinc.Cell biology and toxicology · 2021Article
- Oral Administration ofJournal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Obesity is associated with a chronic low-grade inflammation that predisposes to insulin resistance and the development of type 2 diabetes. In this metabolic context, gastrointestinal (GI) candidiasis is common. We recently demonstrated that the PPARγ ligand rosiglitazone promotes the clearance of Candida albicans through the activation of alternative M2 macrophage polarization. Here, we evaluated the impact of high fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity and the effect of rosiglitazone (PPARγ ligand) or WY14643 (PPARα ligand) both on the phenotypic M1/M2 polarization of peritoneal and cecal tissue macrophages and on the outcome of GI candidiasis. We demonstrated that the peritoneal macrophages and the cell types present in the cecal tissue from HF fed mice present a M2b polarization (TNF-α(high), IL-10(high), MR, Dectin-1). Interestingly, rosiglitazone induces a phenotypic M2b-to-M2a (TNF-α(low), IL-10(low), MR(high), Dectin-1(high)) switch of peritoneal macrophages and of the cells present in the cecal tissue. The incapacity of WY14643 to switch this polarization toward M2a state, strongly suggests the specific involvement of PPARγ in this mechanism. We showed that in insulin resistant mice, M2b polarization of macrophages present on the site of infection is associated with an increased susceptibility to GI candidiasis, whereas M2a polarization after rosiglitazone treatment favours the GI fungal elimination independently of reduced blood glucose. In conclusion, our data demonstrate a dual benefit of PPARγ ligands because they promote mucosal defence mechanisms against GI candidiasis through M2a macrophage polarization while regulating blood glucose level.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.