ArticleNeuroImage2011
Evaluation of [(11)C]MRB for assessment of occupancy of norepinephrine transporters: Studies with atomoxetine in non-human primates.
Article in NeuroImage, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 39 papers.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
39 citing papers in PubMed, 59 citations in OpenAlex.
- Single-dose effects of methylphenidate and atomoxetine on functional connectivity during an n-back task in boys with ADHD.Psychopharmacology · 2023Trial
- Atomoxetine Treatment Strengthens an Anti-Correlated Relationship between Functional Brain Networks in Medication-Naïve Adults with Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: A Randomized Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial.The international journal of neuropsychopharmacology · 2015Trial
- Shared and drug-specific effects of atomoxetine and methylphenidate on inhibitory brain dysfunction in medication-naive ADHD boys.Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991) · 2014Trial
- Clinically relevant doses of methylphenidate significantly occupy norepinephrine transporters in humans in vivo.Biological psychiatry · 2010Trial
- Updated Viloxazine Pharmacology: Experiments Establish Norepinephrine Transporter Occupancy and Serotonin 5-HTDrugs in R&D · 2026Article
- Exceptional brain PET images from the NeuroEXPLORER: scans with targeted radiopharmaceuticals and comparison to HRRT.European journal of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging · 2026Article
- Impaired LC-NE System-A Novel Molecular Mechanism Underlying Health Disparity and Increased Prevalence of Alzheimer's Disease Among African Americans.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Translational molecular imaging and drug development in multiple sclerosis.Theranostics · 2026Review
- Multitracer PET to Assess Cardiac Sympathetic Innervation and Vesicular Storage in Lewy Body Diseases.Journal of nuclear medicine : official publication, Society of Nuclear Medicine · 2025Article
- PET reporter systems for the brain.Trends in neurosciences · 2023Review
- Noradrenaline transporter PET reflects neurotoxin-induced noradrenaline level decrease in the rat hippocampus.EJNMMI research · 2023Article
- Combined In Vivo Microdialysis and PET Studies to Validate [Biomolecules · 2023Article
- Theory of visual attention (TVA) applied to rats performing the 5-choice serial reaction time task: differential effects of dopaminergic and noradrenergic manipulations.Psychopharmacology · 2023Article
- Changes of central noradrenaline transporter availability in immunotherapy-naïve multiple sclerosis patients.Scientific reports · 2020Article
- Recent advances in radiotracers targeting norepinephrine transporter: structural development and radiolabeling improvements.Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996) · 2020Review
- In Vitro and In Vivo Characterization of Dibenzothiophene Derivatives [Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Article
- Characterization of Amphetamine, Methylphenidate, Nicotine, and Atomoxetine on Measures of Attention, Impulsive Action, and Motivation in the Rat: Implications for Translational Research.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2020Article
- Disrupted brain functional networks in drug-naïve children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder assessed using graph theory analysis.Human brain mapping · 2019Article
- Venlafaxine ER Blocks the Norepinephrine Transporter in the Brain of Patients with Major Depressive Disorder: a PET Study Using [18F]FMeNER-D2.The international journal of neuropsychopharmacology · 2019Article
- PET imaging of noradrenaline transporters in Parkinson's disease: focus on scan time.Annals of nuclear medicine · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
[(11)C]MRB is one of the most promising radioligands used to measure brain norepinephrine transporters (NET) with positron emission tomography (PET). The objective of this study was to evaluate the suitability of [(11)C]MRB for drug occupancy studies of NET using atomoxetine (ATX), a NET uptake inhibitor used in the treatment of depression and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). A second goal of the study was identification of a suitable reference region. Ten PET studies were performed in three anesthetized rhesus monkeys following an infusion of ATX or placebo. [(11)C]MRB arterial input functions and ATX plasma levels were also measured. A dose-dependent reduction of [(11)C]MRB volume of distribution was observed after correction for [(11)C]MRB plasma free fraction. ATX IC(50) was estimated to be 31 ± 10ng/mL plasma. This corresponds to an effective dose (ED(50)) of 0.13mg/kg, which is much lower than the therapeutic dose of ATX in ADHD (1.0-1.5mg/kg). [(11)C]MRB binding potential BP(ND) in the thalamus was estimated to be 1.8 ± 0.3. Defining a reference region for a NET radiotracer is challenging due to the widespread and relatively uniform distribution of NET in the brain. Three regions were evaluated for use as reference region: caudate, putamen and occipital cortex. Caudate was found to be the most suitable for preclinical drug occupancy studies in rhesus monkeys. The IC(50) estimate obtained using MRTM2 BP(ND) without arterial blood sampling was 21 ± 3ng/mL (using caudate as the reference region). This study demonstrated that [(11)C]MRB is suitable for drug occupancy studies of NET.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.