Trial reportThe Journal of clinical psychiatry2011
Impact of second-generation antipsychotics and perphenazine on depressive symptoms in a randomized trial of treatment for chronic schizophrenia.
Trial report in The Journal of clinical psychiatry, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 33 citations in OpenAlex.
- Lurasidone versus typical antipsychotics for schizophrenia.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2025Pooled it
- Guidelines for the Pharmacotherapy of Schizophrenia in Adults.Canadian journal of psychiatry. Revue canadienne de psychiatrie · 2017Pooled it
- Perphenazine for schizophrenia.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2015Pooled it
- Quetiapine monotherapy in acute phase for major depressive disorder: a meta-analysis of randomized, placebo-controlled trials.BMC psychiatry · 2012Pooled it
- Ziprasidone versus other atypical antipsychotics for schizophrenia.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2009Pooled it
- Comparative efficacy between clozapine and other atypical antipsychotics on depressive symptoms in patients with schizophrenia: analysis of the CATIE phase 2E data.Schizophrenia research · 2015Trial
- Anti-depressive effectiveness of olanzapine, quetiapine, risperidone and ziprasidone: a pragmatic, randomized trial.BMC psychiatry · 2011Trial
- Association between depression in chronic phase and future clinical outcome of patients with schizophrenia.Psychopharmacology · 2022Article
- Japanese Society of Neuropsychopharmacology: "Guideline for Pharmacological Therapy of Schizophrenia".Neuropsychopharmacology reports · 2021Article
- Schizophrenia, Depressive Symptoms, and Antipsychotic Drug Treatment.The international journal of neuropsychopharmacology · 2021Article
- Diagnosis and treatment depression in schizophrenia.Consortium psychiatricum · 2020Review
- Article
- Glioblastoma treatment using perphenazine to block the subventricular zone's tumor trophic functions.Journal of neuro-oncology · 2014Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 7 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundAccording to the American Psychiatric Association Clinical Practice Guidelines for schizophrenia, second-generation antipsychotics may be specifically indicated for the treatment of depression in schizophrenia. We examined the impact of these medications on symptoms of depression using the data from the Clinical Antipsychotic Trials of Intervention Effectiveness (CATIE), conducted between January 2001 and December 2004.
methodPatients with DSM-IV-defined schizophrenia (N = 1,460) were assigned to treatment with a first-generation antipsychotic (perphenazine) or one of 4 second-generation drugs (olanzapine, quetiapine, risperidone, or ziprasidone) and followed for up to 18 months (phase 1). Patients with tardive dyskinesia were excluded from the randomization that included perphenazine. Depression was assessed with the Calgary Depression Scale for Schizophrenia (CDSS). Mixed models were used to evaluate group differences during treatment with the initially assigned drug. An interaction analysis evaluated differences in drug response by whether patients had a baseline score on the CDSS of ≥ 6, indicative of a current major depressive episode (MDE).
resultsThere were no significant differences between treatment groups on phase 1 analysis, although there was a significant improvement in depression across all treatments. A significant interaction was found between treatment and experiencing an MDE at baseline (P = .05), and further paired comparisons suggested that quetiapine was superior to risperidone among patients who were in an MDE at baseline (P = .0056).
conclusionsWe found no differences between any second-generation antipsychotic and the first-generation antipsychotic perphenazine and no support for the clinical practice recommendation, but we did detect a signal indicating a small potential difference favoring quetiapine over risperidone only in patients with an MDE at baseline.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.