ArticleThe American journal of pathology2010
Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2 and TLR9 expressed in trigeminal ganglia are critical to viral control during herpes simplex virus 1 infection.
Article in The American journal of pathology, 2010. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 48 papers.
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Who cites it
48 citing papers in PubMed, 85 citations in OpenAlex.
- The cell-type-specific roles of Toll-like receptors in herpes simplex virus infection and pathogenesis.Virulence · 2026Review
- NINJ1 blocks HSV-1 entry into macrophages to impact viral replication and immunity.EMBO reports · 2026Article
- Unraveling the Complexities of Toll-like Receptors: From Molecular Mechanisms to Clinical Applications.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Toll-like receptors as a missing link in Notch signaling cascade during neurodevelopment.Frontiers in molecular neuroscience · 2024Article
- Cell Intrinsic Determinants of Alpha Herpesvirus Latency and Pathogenesis in the Nervous System.Viruses · 2023Review
- Scratching the Surface Takes a Toll: Immune Recognition of Viral Proteins by Surface Toll-like Receptors.Viruses · 2022Review
- Interplay between Autophagy and Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1: ICP34.5, One of the Main Actors.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Role of Microglia in Herpesvirus-Related Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Microglia in antiviral immunity of the brain and spinal cord.Seminars in immunology · 2022Review
- Article
- Brain-derived neurotrophic factor is down regulated after bovine alpha-herpesvirus 5 infection in both wild-type and TLR3/7/9 deficient mice.The Journal of veterinary medical science · 2021Article
- Herpes Simplex Virus 1 Infection of Neuronal and Non-Neuronal Cells Elicits Specific Innate Immune Responses and Immune Evasion Mechanisms.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Review
- Evasion of Intracellular DNA Sensing by Human Herpesviruses.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2021Review
- A Review of the Effects of Pain and Analgesia on Immune System Function and Inflammation: Relevance for Preclinical Studies.Comparative medicine · 2019Review
- Herpes simplex encephalitis in adult patients with MASP-2 deficiency.PLoS pathogens · 2019Article
- Mechanisms of Blood-Brain Barrier Disruption in Herpes Simplex Encephalitis.Journal of neuroimmune pharmacology : the official journal of the Society on NeuroImmune Pharmacology · 2019Review
- A Tug of War: DNA-Sensing Antiviral Innate Immunity and Herpes Simplex Virus Type I Infection.Frontiers in microbiology · 2019Review
- Herpes Simplex Virus Evasion of Early Host Antiviral Responses.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2019Review
- Insights into the pathogenesis of herpes simplex encephalitis from mouse models.Mammalian genome : official journal of the International Mammalian Genome Society · 2018Review
- Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Engages Toll Like Receptor 2 to Recruit Macrophages During Infection of Enteric Neurons.Frontiers in microbiology · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
15 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) is a neurotropic DNA virus that is responsible for several clinical manifestations in humans, including encephalitis. HSV-1 triggers toll-like receptors (TLRs), which elicit cytokine production. Viral multiplication and cytokine expression in C57BL/6 wild-type (WT) mice infected with HSV-1 were evaluated. Virus was found in the trigeminal ganglia (TG), but not in the brains of animals without signs of encephalitis, between 2 and 6 days postinfection (d.p.i.). Cytokine expression in the TG peaked at 5 d.p.i. TLR9-/- and TLR2/9-/- mice were more susceptible to the virus, with 60% and 100% mortality, respectively, as opposed to 10% in the WT and TLR2-/- mice. Increased levels of both CXCL10/IP-10 and CCL2/MCP-1, as well as reduced levels of interferon-γ and interleukin 1-β transcripts, measured in both the TG and brains at 5 d.p.i., and the presence of virus in the brain were correlated with total mortality in TLR2/9-/- mice. Cytokine alterations in TLR2/9-/- mice coincided with histopathological changes in their brains, which did not occur in WT and TLR2-/- mice and occurred only slightly in TLR9-/- mouse brain. Increased cellularity, macrophages, CD8 T cells producing interferon-γ, and expression levels of TLR2 and TLR9 were detected in the TG of WT-infected mice. We hypothesize that HSV-1 infection is controlled by TLR-dependent immune responses in the TG, which prevent HSV-1 encephalitis.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.