ArticleCancer research2010
{Gamma}-tocotrienol inhibits pancreatic tumors and sensitizes them to gemcitabine treatment by modulating the inflammatory microenvironment.
Article in Cancer research, 2010. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It has been retracted, and should not be counted. Cited by 60 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
60 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 136 citations in OpenAlex.
- Health Benefits of Palm Tocotrienol-Rich Fraction: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials.Nutrition reviews · 2025Pooled it
- Vitamin intake and pancreatic cancer risk reduction: A meta-analysis of observational studies.Medicine · 2018Pooled it
- A new formulation of Gamma Delta Tocotrienol has superior bioavailability compared to existing Tocotrienol-Rich Fraction in healthy human subjects.Scientific reports · 2015Trial
- Targeting Reactive Species Stress and Nutrient Sensing to Enhance NK-Cell Function: Mechanistic Strategies for Overcoming Pancreatic Cancer Progression and Resistance Through Supplement Therapy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Insulin-like Growth Factor-I Reduces Collagen Production by Hepatic Stellate Cells Through Stimulation of Collagen Degradation System via mTOR-Dependent Signaling Pathway.Biomedicines · 2025Article
- Gamma-tocotrienol Inhibits Proliferation and Growth of HSD17B4 Overexpressing HepG2 Liver Cancer Cells.Current cancer drug targets · 2025Article
- The Role of Vitamin E Isoforms and Metabolites in Cancer Prevention: Mechanistic Insights into Sphingolipid Metabolism Modulation.Nutrients · 2024Review
- Anticancer Potential of Tocopherols-Containing Plants and Semi-Synthetic Tocopherols.Plants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Development of rice bran-derived nanoparticles with excellent anti-cancer activity and their application for peritoneal dissemination.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2024Article
- Vitamin E in the management of pancreatic cancer: A scoping review.World journal of gastrointestinal oncology · 2023Article
- Review
- Synergistic Interactions between Tocol and Phenolic Extracts from Different Tree Nut Species against Human Cancer Cell Lines.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Targeting Farnesoid X receptor (FXR) for developing novel therapeutics against cancer.Molecular biomedicine · 2021Review
- Evaluating Anticancer and Immunomodulatory Effects ofNutrients · 2021Article
- The promising potential of piperlongumine as an emerging therapeutics for cancer.Exploration of targeted anti-tumor therapy · 2021Review
- Pancreatic Cancer (PDAC): Introduction of Evidence-Based Complementary Measures into Integrative Clinical Management.Cancers · 2020Review
- Therapeutic Emergence of Rhein as a Potential Anticancer Drug: A Review of Its Molecular Targets and Anticancer Properties.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Review
- Vitamin E and cancer: an update on the emerging role of γ and δ tocotrienols.European journal of nutrition · 2020Review
- Potential of guggulsterone, a farnesoid X receptor antagonist, in the prevention and treatment of cancer.Exploration of targeted anti-tumor therapy · 2020Review
- Diversity of Chromanol and Chromenol Structures and Functions: An Emerging Class of Anti-Inflammatory and Anti-Carcinogenic Agents.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2020Review
Corrections and comments
- Expression of concern · 2018-09-04Duplication of/in Image ·
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
13 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Pancreatic cancers generally respond poorly to chemotherapy, prompting a need to identify agents that could sensitize tumors to treatment. In this study, we investigated the response of human pancreatic cells to γ-tocotrienol (γ-T3), a novel, unsaturated form of vitamin E found in palm oil and rice bran oil, to determine whether it could potentiate the effects of gemcitabine, a standard of care in clinical treatment of pancreatic cancer. γ-T3 inhibited the in vitro proliferation of pancreatic cancer cell lines with variable p53 status and potentiated gemcitabine-induced apoptosis. These effects correlated with an inhibition of NF-κB activation by γ-T3 and a suppression of key cellular regulators including cyclin D1, c-Myc, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), Bcl-2, cellular inhibitor of apoptosis protein, survivin, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), ICAM-1, and CXCR4. In an orthotopic nude mouse model of human pancreatic cancer, p.o. administration of γ-T3 inhibited tumor growth and enhanced the antitumor properties of gemcitabine. Immunohistochemical analysis indicated a correlation between tumor growth inhibition and reduced expression of Ki-67, COX-2, matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), NF-κB p65, and VEGF in the tissue. Combination treatment also downregulated NF-κB activity along with the NF-κB-regulated gene products, such as cyclin D1, c-Myc, VEGF, MMP-9, and CXCR4. Consistent with an enhancement of tumor apoptosis, caspase activation was observed in tumor tissues. Overall, our findings suggest that γ-T3 can inhibit the growth of human pancreatic tumors and sensitize them to gemcitabine by suppressing NF-κB-mediated inflammatory pathways linked to tumorigenesis.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.