ArticleMolecular cancer research : MCR2010
Macrophage migration inhibitory factor is secreted by rhabdomyosarcoma cells, modulates tumor metastasis by binding to CXCR4 and CXCR7 receptors and inhibits recruitment of cancer-associated fibroblasts.
Article in Molecular cancer research : MCR, 2010. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 69 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
69 citing papers in PubMed, 141 citations in OpenAlex.
- Unraveling CD4Clinical & translational oncology : official publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico · 2026Article
- Cytokines and cancer-associated fibroblasts.Journal of hematology & oncology · 2026Review
- Machine learning screening for disulfidptosis genes-associated immunosuppression status in osteosarcoma and rhabdomyosarcoma.Translational cancer research · 2025Article
- Constitutive activity of an atypical chemokine receptor revealed by inverse agonistic nanobodies.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Cancer-associated fibroblasts promote tumor progression in fusion-positive rhabdomyosarcoma.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Cancer‑associated fibroblasts in human malignancies, with a particular emphasis on sarcomas (Review).International journal of oncology · 2025Review
- Unveiling SSR4: a promising biomarker in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Endothelial Pim3 kinase protects the vascular barrier during lung metastasis.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Constitutive activity of an atypical chemokine receptor revealed by inverse agonistic nanobodies.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- EAF2 Downregulation Recruits Tumor-associated Macrophages in Prostate Cancer through Upregulation of MIF.Biological procedures online · 2024Article
- Gastrointestinal stromal tumors regulate macrophage M2 polarization through the MIF/CXCR4 axis to immune escape.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Review
- Hallmarks of Cancer Affected by the MIF Cytokine Family.Cancers · 2023Review
- Germinal Center-Related G Protein-Coupled Receptors in Antibody-Mediated Autoimmune Skin Diseases: from Basic Research to Clinical Trials.Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology · 2022Review
- Article
- TA-MSCs, TA-MSCs-EVs, MIF: their crosstalk in immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment.Journal of translational medicine · 2022Review
- The key players of parthanatos: opportunities for targeting multiple levels in the therapy of parthanatos-based pathogenesis.Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS · 2022Review
- Bioinformatics prediction and experimental verification identify MAD2L1 and CCNB2 as diagnostic biomarkers of rhabdomyosarcoma.Cancer cell international · 2021Article
- Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells promote Helicobacter pylori-associated gastric cancer progression by secreting thrombospondin-2.Cell proliferation · 2021Article
- Review
9 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
The overexpression of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) has been observed in many tumors and is implicated in oncogenic transformation and tumor progression. MIF activates CXCR2 and CD74 receptors and, as recently reported, may also bind to the stromal-derived factor-1 (SDF-1)-binding receptor CXCR4. Here, we report that human rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) cell lines secrete MIF and that this chemokine (a) induces phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) p42/44 and AKT, (b) stimulates RMS cell adhesion, (c) enhances tumor vascularization, but surprisingly (d) decreases recruitment of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF). Because RMS cells used in our studies do not express CXCR2 and CD74 receptors, the biological effects of MIF on RMS cells depend on its interaction with CXCR4, and as we report here for the first time, MIF may also engage another SDF-1-binding receptor (CXCR7) as well. Interestingly, downregulation of MIF in RMS cells inoculated into immunodeficient mice led to formation of larger tumors that displayed higher stromal cell support. Based on these observations, we postulate that MIF is an important autocrine/paracrine factor that stimulates both CXCR4 and CXCR7 receptors to enhance the adhesiveness of RMS cells. We also envision that when locally secreted by a growing tumor, MIF prevents responsiveness of RMS to chemoattractants secreted outside the growing tumor (e.g., SDF-1) and thereby prevents release of cells into the circulation. On the other hand, despite its obvious proangiopoietic effects, MIF inhibits in CXCR2/CD74-dependent manner recruitment of CAFs to the growing tumor. Our data indicate that therapeutic inhibition of MIF in RMS may accelerate metastasis and tumor growth.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.