ArticleJournal of neurotrauma2010
The hormone ghrelin prevents traumatic brain injury induced intestinal dysfunction.
Article in Journal of neurotrauma, 2010. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers.
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Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 57 citations in OpenAlex.
- Randomized trial to evaluate nutritional status and absorption of enteral feeding after brain death.Progress in transplantation (Aliso Viejo, Calif.) · 2013Trial
- Gastrointestinal Dysfunction in Critically Ill Patients With Traumatic Brain Injury: Clinical Implications and Putative Mechanisms: a Narrative Review.Current neurology and neuroscience reports · 2026Review
- Beyond Hunger: The Structure, Signaling, and Systemic Roles of Ghrelin.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- The Injection of Ghrelin (OXE-103) Improves Subacute Concussion Symptom Burden and Quality of Life.Neurotrauma reports · 2025Article
- Dysregulated brain-gut axis in the setting of traumatic brain injury: review of mechanisms and anti-inflammatory pharmacotherapies.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2024Review
- Acute gastrointestinal permeability after traumatic brain injury in mice precedes a bloom in Akkermansia muciniphila supported by intestinal hypoxia.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Fecal Microbiota Transplantation-Mediated Ghrelin Restoration Improves Neurological Functions After Traumatic Brain Injury: Evidence from 16S rRNA Sequencing and In Vivo Studies.Molecular neurobiology · 2024Article
- Ghrelin as a Biomarker of "Immunometabolic Depression" and Its Connection with Dysbiosis.Nutrients · 2023Review
- Article
- Selective brain cooling achieves peripheral organs protection in hemorrhagic shock resuscitation via preserving the integrity of the brain-gut axis.International journal of medical sciences · 2021Article
- Ghrelin-Mediated Regeneration and Plasticity After Nervous System Injury.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2021Review
- Depletion of gut microbiota is associated with improved neurologic outcome following traumatic brain injury.Brain research · 2020Article
- Acylated Ghrelin as a Multi-Targeted Therapy for Alzheimer's and Parkinson's Disease.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2020Review
- Ghrelin as an Anti-Sepsis Peptide: Review.Frontiers in immunology · 2020Review
- Making sense of gut feelings in the traumatic brain injury pathogenesis.Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews · 2019Review
- Intestinal barrier dysfunction following traumatic brain injury.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2019Review
- Ghrelin Ameliorates Traumatic Brain Injury by Down-Regulating bFGF and FGF-BP.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2018Article
- Ghrelin Attenuates Intestinal Barrier Dysfunction Following Intracerebral Hemorrhage in Mice.International journal of molecular sciences · 2016Article
- The Anti-Edematous Effect of Ghrelin in Brain Hypoxia is Associated with Decreasing Expression of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor.Journal of molecular neuroscience : MN · 2015Article
- Review
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Intestinal barrier breakdown following traumatic brain injury (TBI) is characterized by increased intestinal permeability, leading to bacterial translocation, and inflammation. The hormone ghrelin may prevent intestinal injury and have anti-inflammatory properties. We hypothesized that exogenous ghrelin prevents intestinal injury following TBI. A weight-drop model created severe TBI in three groups of anesthetized Balb/c mice. Group TBI: animals underwent TBI only; Group TBI/ghrelin: animals were given 10 μg of ghrelin intraperitoneally prior and 1 h following TBI; Group sham: no TBI or ghrelin injection. Intestinal permeability was measured 6 h following TBI by detecting serum levels of FITC-Dextran after injection into the intact ileum. The terminal ileum was harvested for histology, expression of the tight junction protein MLCK and inflammatory cytokine TNF-α. Permeability increased in the TBI group compared to the sham group (109.7 ± 21.8 μg/mL vs. 32.2 ± 10.1 μg/mL; p < 0.002). Ghrelin prevented TBI-induced permeability (28.3 ± 4.2 μg/mL vs. 109.7 ± 21.8 μg/mL; p < 0.001). The intestines of the TBI group showed blunting and necrosis of villi compared to the sham group, while ghrelin injection preserved intestinal architecture. Intestinal MLCK increased 73% compared to the sham group (p < 0.03). Ghrelin prevented TBI-induced MLCK expression to sham levels. Intestinal TNF-α increased following TBI compared to the sham group (46.2 ± 7.1 pg/mL vs. 24.4 ± 2.2 pg/mL p < 0.001). Ghrelin reduced TNF-α to sham levels (29.2 ± 5.0 pg/mL; p = NS). We therefore conclude that ghrelin prevents TBI-induced injury, as determined by intestinal permeability, histology, and intestinal levels of TNF-α. The mechanism for ghrelin mediating intestinal protection is likely multifactorial, and further studies are needed to delineate these possibilities.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.