Evidence map›Paper›PMID 20857238›Full record

ArticleCurrent gastroenterology reports2010

Symptoms and reflux in infants: Infant Gastroesophageal Reflux Questionnaire Revised (I-GERQ-R)--utility for symptom tracking and diagnosis.

Susan R Orenstein

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in Current gastroenterology reports, 2010. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers, 7 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
19citing papers in PubMed, 7 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

19 citing papers in PubMed, 7 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
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  3. Pooled it
  4. Pharmacological treatment of gastro-oesophageal reflux in children.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2023
    Pooled it
  5. Guideline
  6. Pooled it
  7. A review of nonsurgical treatment for the symptom of irritability in infants with GERD.Journal for specialists in pediatric nursing : JSPN · 2012
    Pooled it
  8. Trial
  9. Review
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Review
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Characterization of the nasopharyngeal and middle ear microbiota in gastroesophageal reflux-prone versus gastroesophageal reflux non-prone children.European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology · 2018
    Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

1 author.

Susan R OrensteinPediatric Gastroenterology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 303 Church Lane, Pittsburgh, PA 15238, USA. sro.pitt.edu@verizon.net

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Answering a need for a thoroughly validated infant gastroesophageal reflux questionnaire, the Infant Gastroesophageal Reflux Questionnaire Revised (I-GERQ-R) was designed, refined, and validated using state-of-the-art psychometric methods. Diagnostic and evaluative (tracking) validity was identified. However, perplexing results of some clinical trials using the I-GERQ-R for diagnosis prompted analysis of possible reasons, including ambiguities in defining symptomatic gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and aspects of the validation process. Symptomatic GERD is defined by "troublesomeness" of symptoms and attribution of their causation to reflux--two crucial issues. Methods of quantifying symptom-reflux associations are described and their limitations identified. The location of "symptomatic esophageal GERD" in the continuum of erosive GERD, histologic GERD, and nonerosive reflux disease is indicated, with the last including "suberosive," "premicroscopic," and "functional heartburn" subcategories. Another category is defined solely by surrogate measures of propensity to GERD (e.g., acid exposure thresholds defined on esophageal pH monitoring). During diagnostic validation of the Infant Gastroesophageal Reflux Questionnaire (I-GERQ) instruments, asymptomatic normals were contrasted with symptomatic GERD infants (who also tested positive with esophageal histology and esophageal pH monitoring). However, the diagnostic validation did not attempt to distinguish symptomatic GERD infants from symptomatic infants without GERD. The I-GERQ-R is thus adequately sensitive to be used diagnostically to screen infants for symptom burden, but should probably be supplemented by other, perhaps invasive, testing to assure appropriate specificity. The I-GERQ-R's validation for evaluative properties, however, supports its use for tracking symptoms within clinical trials.

Indexed as

Surveys and QuestionnairesClinical Trials as TopicGastroesophageal RefluxHumansInfantPsychometricsReproducibility of ResultsSensitivity and Specificity

Identifiers

PMID20857238

What OpenQuestion holds

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Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.