ArticleSocial psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology2011
The effect of risky alcohol use and smoking on suicide risk: findings from the German MONICA/KORA-Augsburg Cohort Study.
Article in Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
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15 citing papers in PubMed, 32 citations in OpenAlex.
- Association of Polygenic Risk Score for Suicidal Behavior With Ventral Prefrontal Morphology in Bipolar Disorder.Bipolar disorders · 2026Article
- Association of substance use with suicide mortality: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis.Drug and alcohol dependence reports · 2025Review
- Suicide Risk in Alcohol Use Disorders: Literature Review and Study Protocol with Preliminary Data for a Study in Treatment-Seeking Inpatients.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Suicidal ideation, plan, and attempt among men who have sex with men in Nepal: Findings from a cross-sectional study.PLOS global public health · 2023Article
- Gender specific somatic symptom burden and mortality risk in the general population.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Examining the effect of smoking on suicidal ideation and attempts: triangulation of epidemiological approaches.The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science · 2020Article
- Suicide following acute admissions for physical illnesses across England and Wales.Psychological medicine · 2018Article
- Psychosocial characteristics as potential predictors of suicide in adults: an overview of the evidence with new results from prospective cohort studies.Translational psychiatry · 2018Review
- Article
- Epidemiology in Germany-general development and personal experience.European journal of epidemiology · 2017Article
- Alcohol consumption, sinus tachycardia, and cardiac arrhythmias at the Munich Octoberfest: results from the Munich Beer Related Electrocardiogram Workup Study (MunichBREW).European heart journal · 2017Observational
- Risk factors of suicide attempt among people with suicidal ideation in South Korea: a cross-sectional study.BMC public health · 2017Article
- Gender-Specific Factors Associated with Suicide Attempts among the Community-Dwelling General Population with Suicidal Ideation: the 2013 Korean Community Health Survey.Journal of Korean medical science · 2016Article
- Alcohol and smoking consumption behaviours in older Australian adults: prevalence, period and socio-demographic differentials in the DYNOPTA sample.Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology · 2013Article
- Early substance use initiation and suicide ideation and attempts among students in France and the United States.International journal of public health · 2012Article
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundSmoking and heavy alcohol use predicts suicidal behaviour. Whether the simultaneous presentation of both conditions induces an amplified effect on risk prediction has not been investigated so far.
methodsIn a community-based cohort study, a total of 12,888 subjects (6,456 men, 6,432 women; age range of 25-74 years at assessment) from three independent population-based cross-sectional MONICA surveys (conducted in 1984/85, 1989/90, and 1994/95), representative for the Southern German population, was followed up until 31 December 2002. Standardized mortality ratios (SMR) for deaths from suicide using German population rates were calculated for smoking and high alcohol consumption.
resultsAfter a mean follow-up time of 12.0 (SD 4.4) years and 154,275 person-years at risk, a total of 1,449 persons had died from all causes and 38 of them from suicide. Compared to the general population, mortality from suicide was increased for risky alcohol consumption (SMR = 2.37; 95% CI 1.14-4.37) and for smoking (SMR = 2.30; 95% CI 1.36-3.63). A substantial increase in suicide mortality (SMR = 4.80; 95% CI 2.07-9.46) was observed for smokers with risky alcohol consumption.
conclusionsThe approximately fourfold increased relative risk for completed suicide in subjects with smoking and risky alcohol consumption indicates a synergistic effect which deserves an increased alertness.
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