ArticleRetrovirology2010
Biophysical analysis of HTLV-1 particles reveals novel insights into particle morphology and Gag stochiometry.
Article in Retrovirology, 2010. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 39 citations in OpenAlex.
- Identification of Non-basic Matrix Domain Residues That Impact HTLV-1 Gag Membrane Targeting and Particle Release.Journal of molecular biology · 2026Article
- Determinants in the HTLV-1 Capsid Major Homology Region that are Critical for Virus Particle Assembly.Journal of molecular biology · 2024Article
- The Assembly of HTLV-1-How Does It Differ from HIV-1?Viruses · 2024Review
- The helicase-like transcription factor redirects the autophagic flux and restricts human T cell leukemia virus type 1 infection.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2023Article
- Mechanisms of Innate Immune Sensing of HTLV-1 and Viral Immune Evasion.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Structural Insights into the Mechanism of Human T-cell Leukemia Virus Type 1 Gag Targeting to the Plasma Membrane for Assembly.Journal of molecular biology · 2021Article
- Inhibiting HTLV-1 Protease: A Viable Antiviral Target.ACS chemical biology · 2021Article
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- Critical Role of the Human T-Cell Leukemia Virus Type 1 Capsid N-Terminal Domain for Gag-Gag Interactions and Virus Particle Assembly.Journal of virology · 2018Article
- Polymorphic Nature of Human T-Cell Leukemia Virus Type 1 Particle Cores as Revealed through Characterization of a Chronically Infected Cell Line.Journal of virology · 2017Article
- Perturbation of Human T-Cell Leukemia Virus Type 1 Particle Morphology by Differential Gag Co-Packaging.Viruses · 2017Article
- Disparate Contributions of Human Retrovirus Capsid Subdomains to Gag-Gag Oligomerization, Virus Morphology, and Particle Biogenesis.Journal of virology · 2017Article
- Distinct Particle Morphologies Revealed through Comparative Parallel Analyses of Retrovirus-Like Particles.Journal of virology · 2016Article
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- Analysis of human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 particles by using cryo-electron tomography.Journal of virology · 2015Article
- A reduction of viral mRNA, proteins and induction of altered morphogenesis reveals the anti-HTLV-1 activity of the labdane-diterpene myriadenolide in vitro.BMC microbiology · 2014Article
- Interrelationship between cytoplasmic retroviral Gag concentration and Gag-membrane association.Journal of molecular biology · 2014Article
- Effect of multimerization on membrane association of Rous sarcoma virus and HIV-1 matrix domain proteins.Journal of virology · 2013Article
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Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundHuman T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is an important human retrovirus that is a cause of adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma. While an important human pathogen, the details regarding virus replication cycle, including the nature of HTLV-1 particles, remain largely unknown due to the difficulties in propagating the virus in tissue culture. In this study, we created a codon-optimized HTLV-1 Gag fused to an EYFP reporter as a model system to quantitatively analyze HTLV-1 particles released from producer cells.
resultsThe codon-optimized Gag led to a dramatic and highly robust level of Gag expression as well as virus-like particle (VLP) production. The robust level of particle production overcomes previous technical difficulties with authentic particles and allowed for detailed analysis of particle architecture using two novel methodologies. We quantitatively measured the diameter and morphology of HTLV-1 VLPs in their native, hydrated state using cryo-transmission electron microscopy (cryo-TEM). Furthermore, we were able to determine HTLV-1 Gag stoichiometry as well as particle size with the novel biophysical technique of fluorescence fluctuation spectroscopy (FFS). The average HTLV-1 particle diameter determined by cryo-TEM and FFS was 71 ± 20 nm and 75 ± 4 nm, respectively. These values are significantly smaller than previous estimates made of HTLV-1 particles by negative staining TEM. Furthermore, cryo-TEM reveals that the majority of HTLV-1 VLPs lacks an ordered structure of the Gag lattice, suggesting that the HTLV-1 Gag shell is very likely to be organized differently compared to that observed with HIV-1 Gag in immature particles. This conclusion is supported by our observation that the average copy number of HTLV-1 Gag per particle is estimated to be 510 based on FFS, which is significantly lower than that found for HIV-1 immature virions.
conclusionsIn summary, our studies represent the first quantitative biophysical analysis of HTLV-1-like particles and reveal novel insights into particle morphology and Gag stochiometry.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.