ArticleApplied and environmental microbiology2010
Detection of protozoan hosts for Legionella pneumophila in engineered water systems by using a biofilm batch test.
Article in Applied and environmental microbiology, 2010. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 53 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Primary ColonizingApplied and environmental microbiology · 2018Article
- Review
- Factors Mediating Environmental Biofilm Formation byFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2018Review
- Ten Questions Concerning the Aerosolization and Transmission of Legionella in the Built Environment.Building and environment · 2017Article
- Effect of temperature and colonization of Legionella pneumophila and Vermamoeba vermiformis on bacterial community composition of copper drinking water biofilms.Microbial biotechnology · 2017Article
- Biofilm Composition and Threshold Concentration for Growth of Legionella pneumophila on Surfaces Exposed to Flowing Warm Tap Water without Disinfectant.Applied and environmental microbiology · 2017Article
- From Many Hosts, One Accidental Pathogen: The Diverse Protozoan Hosts ofFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2017Review
- Multiplication of Legionella pneumophila Sequence Types 1, 47, and 62 in Buffered Yeast Extract Broth and Biofilms Exposed to Flowing Tap Water at Temperatures of 38°C to 42°C.Applied and environmental microbiology · 2016Article
- Influence of Chlorination and Choice of Materials on Fouling in Cooling Water System under Brackish Seawater Conditions.Materials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2016Article
- Diverse protist grazers select for virulence-related traits in Legionella.The ISME journal · 2015Article
- Impact of environmental factors on legionella populations in drinking water.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2015Article
- The novel Legionella pneumophila type II secretion substrate NttC contributes to infection of amoebae Hartmannella vermiformis and Willaertia magna.Microbiology (Reading, England) · 2014Article
- Biofilms: the stronghold of Legionella pneumophila.International journal of molecular sciences · 2013Review
- Molecular survey of the occurrence of Legionella spp., Mycobacterium spp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and amoeba hosts in two chloraminated drinking water distribution systems.Applied and environmental microbiology · 2012Article
- Relationships between free-living protozoa, cultivable Legionella spp., and water quality characteristics in three drinking water supplies in the Caribbean.Applied and environmental microbiology · 2011Article
- RpkA, a highly conserved GPCR with a lipid kinase domain, has a role in phagocytosis and anti-bacterial defense.PloS one · 2011Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Legionella pneumophila proliferates in aquatic habitats within free-living protozoa, 17 species of which have been identified as hosts by using in vitro experiments. The present study aimed at identifying protozoan hosts for L. pneumophila by using a biofilm batch test (BBT). Samples (600 ml) collected from 21 engineered freshwater systems, with added polyethylene cylinders to promote biofilm formation, were inoculated with L. pneumophila and subsequently incubated at 37°C for 20 days. Growth of L. pneumophila was observed in 16 of 18 water types when the host protozoan Hartmannella vermiformis was added. Twelve of the tested water types supported growth of L. pneumophila or indigenous Legionella anisa without added H. vermiformis. In 12 of 19 BBT flasks H. vermiformis was indicated as a host, based on the ratio between maximum concentrations of L. pneumophila and H. vermiformis, determined with quantitative PCR (Q-PCR), and the composition of clone libraries of partial 18S rRNA gene fragments. Analyses of 609 eukaryotic clones from the BBTs revealed that 68 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) showed the highest similarity to free-living protozoa. Forty percent of the sequences clustering with protozoa showed ≥99.5% similarity to H. vermiformis. None of the other protozoa serving as hosts in in vitro studies were detected in the BBTs. In several tests with growth of L. pneumophila, the protozoa Diphylleia rotans, Echinamoeba thermarum, and Neoparamoeba sp. were identified as candidate hosts. In vitro studies are needed to confirm their role as hosts for L. pneumophila. Unidentified protozoa were implicated as hosts for uncultured Legionella spp. grown in BBT flasks at 15°C.
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