ReviewReproductive toxicology (Elmsford, N.Y.)2011
Environmental toxicants and the developing immune system: a missing link in the global battle against infectious disease?
Review in Reproductive toxicology (Elmsford, N.Y.), 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 66 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
66 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Blood transcriptomic comparison of individuals with and without autism spectrum disorder: A combined-samples mega-analysis.American journal of medical genetics. Part B, Neuropsychiatric genetics : the official publication of the International Society of Psychiatric Genetics · 2017Pooled it
- Trifloxystrobin-triggered Drp1 hyperactivation biases mitophagy and imposes long-lasting SVCV susceptibility in teleost.Journal of virology · 2026Article
- Developmental exposure to a PFAS mixture impairs the anamnestic response to influenza A virus infection in mice.Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology · 2026Article
- Heavy metals and prevalence of sexually transmitted infections: a cross-sectional study using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2003-2016.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Article
- The interlinked crisis: pharmaceutical pollution as a driver of antimicrobial resistance in East Africa: an urgent call for ecopharmacovigilance and one health approach.One health outlook · 2026Review
- Identifying critical windows of susceptibility to perinatal lead exposure on child serum vaccine antibody levels.American journal of epidemiology · 2025Article
- Evaluating impacts of the trichloroethylene metaboliteJournal of immunotoxicology · 2025Article
- A systematic review of the pivotal role of environmental toxicant exposure on infectious diseases in low- and middle-income countries.Public health in practice (Oxford, England) · 2025Review
- Developmental exposure to a PFAS mixture impairs the anamnestic response to influenza A virus infection in mice.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- A mixture of organophosphate esters sex-specifically impacts monocyte-macrophages in Sprague-Dawley rats.Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology · 2025Article
- Xenobiotic Toxicants and Particulate Matter: Effects, Mechanisms, Impacts on Human Health, and Mitigation Strategies.Journal of xenobiotics · 2025Review
- Sex-Specific Effects of Environmental Pollutants on Pulmonary Immune Responses.Current opinion in physiology · 2025Article
- Risk factors for silicotuberculosis among miners: a scoping review.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Cell therapies for immune-mediated disorders.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Review
- A Comprehensive Review on Immunoregulatory Effects of Phytochemicals.Current drug discovery technologies · 2025Review
- Food contaminants: mechanisms of toxicity, computational assessment, and mitigation.Frontiers in toxicology · 2025Review
- Induction of pan-azole resistance inFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Article
- Article
- Article
6 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
There is now compelling evidence that developmental exposure to chemicals from our environment contributes to disease later in life, with animal models supporting this concept in reproductive, metabolic, and neurodegenerative diseases. In contrast, data regarding how developmental exposures impact the susceptibility of the immune system to functional alterations later in life are surprisingly scant. Given that the immune system forms an integrated network that detects and destroys invading pathogens and cancer cells, it provides the body's first line of defense. Thus, the consequences of early life exposures that reduce immune function are profound. This review summarizes available data for pollutants such as cigarette smoke and dioxin-like compounds, which consistently support the idea that developmental exposures critically impact the immune system. These findings suggest that exposure to common chemicals from our daily environment represent overlooked contributors to the fact that infectious diseases remain among the top five causes of death worldwide.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.