ArticleThe British journal of general practice : the journal of the Royal College of General Practitioners2010
The UK pay-for-performance programme in primary care: estimation of population mortality reduction.
Article in The British journal of general practice : the journal of the Royal College of General Practitioners, 2010. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- What drives general practitioners in the UK to improve the quality of care? A systematic literature review.BMJ open quality · 2021Pooled it
- Pay-for-performance in the United Kingdom: impact of the quality and outcomes framework: a systematic review.Annals of family medicinePooled it
- Community participation and contracting between state and non-state actors in primary care: A scoping review of evidence.International journal for equity in health · 2025Article
- Evaluating the Effectiveness of a Local Primary Care Incentive Scheme: A Difference-in-Differences Study.Medical care research and review : MCRR · 2022Article
- The Effectiveness of Pay-for-Performance Program of Diabetes Care for Psychiatric Patients: A Regional Psychiatric Hospital Experience.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Modelling the cost-effectiveness of pay-for-performance in primary care in the UK.BMC medicine · 2018Article
- Quality of Disease Management and Risk of Mortality in English Primary Care Practices.Health services research · 2015Observational
- New Directions in Chronic Disease Management.Endocrinology and metabolism (Seoul, Korea) · 2015Review
- Investigating the relationship between quality of primary care and premature mortality in England: a spatial whole-population study.BMJ (Clinical research ed.) · 2015Article
- Pay-for-performance and primary care physicians: lessons from the U.K Quality and Outcomes Framework for local incentive schemes.Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine · 2015Article
- Effect of a national primary care pay for performance scheme on emergency hospital admissions for ambulatory care sensitive conditions: controlled longitudinal study.BMJ (Clinical research ed.) · 2014Article
- Variations in statin prescribing for primary cardiovascular disease prevention: cross-sectional analysis.BMC health services research · 2014Article
- Translating policy into practice: a case study in the secondary prevention of coronary heart disease.Health expectations : an international journal of public participation in health care and health policy · 2014Article
- Increasing the QOF upper payment threshold in general practices in England: impact of implementing government proposals.The British journal of general practice : the journal of the Royal College of General Practitioners · 2014Article
- The Public Health Impact score: a new measure of public health effectiveness for general practices in England.The British journal of general practice : the journal of the Royal College of General Practitioners · 2013Article
- Incentive payments are not related to expected health gain in the pay for performance scheme for UK primary care: cross-sectional analysis.BMC health services research · 2012Article
- Medical professionalism and pay-for-performance.The British journal of general practice : the journal of the Royal College of General Practitioners · 2012Article
- Correlation between prescribing quality and pharmaceutical costs in English primary care: national cross-sectional analysis.The British journal of general practice : the journal of the Royal College of General Practitioners · 2011Article
- Quality and Outcomes Framework: time to take stock.The British journal of general practice : the journal of the Royal College of General Practitioners · 2010Article
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6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundGeneral practices in the UK contract with the government to receive additional payments for high-quality primary care. Little is known about the resulting impact on population health.
aimTo estimate the potential reduction in population mortality from implementation of the pay-for-performance contract in England. DESIGN OF STUDY: Cross-sectional and modelling study.
settingPrimary care in England.
methodTwenty-five clinical quality indicators in the contract had controlled trial evidence of mortality benefit. This was combined with condition prevalence, and the differences in performance before and after contract implementation, to estimate the potential mortality reduction per indicator. Improvement was adjusted for pre-existing trends where data were available.
resultsThe 2004 contract potentially reduced mortality by 11 lives per 100 000 people (lower-upper estimates 7-16) over 1 year, as performance improved from baseline to the target for full incentive payment. If all eligible patients were treated, over and above the target, 56 (29-81) lives per 100 000 might have been saved. For the 2006 contract, mortality reduction was effectively zero, because new baseline performance for a typical practice had already exceeded the target performance for full payment.
conclusionThe contract may have delivered substantial health gain, but potential health gain was limited by performance targets for full payment being set lower than typical baseline performance. Information on both baseline performance and population health gain should inform decisions about future selection of indicators for pay-for-performance schemes, and the level of performance at which full payment is triggered.
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