ReviewMolecular biology reports2011
Targeting interleukin-21 in rheumatoid arthritis.
Review in Molecular biology reports, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 45 citations in OpenAlex.
- Association between miRNA-499 gene polymorphism and autoimmune diseases: A meta-analysis.PloS one · 2022Pooled it
- A Double-Blind, Phase I, Single Ascending Dose Study to Assess the Safety, Pharmacokinetics, and Pharmacodynamics of BOS161721 in Healthy Subjects.Clinical and translational science · 2020Trial
- FGFR1 signaling in rheumatoid arthritis: Mechanisms of bone destruction and therapeutic targeting (Review).International journal of molecular medicine · 2026Review
- Imbalanced IgA-IgG class switching recombination: a novel mechanism of gut immune dysregulation in inflammatory bowel disease.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Amniotic Membrane and Stem Cells Can Improve the Immunohistochemical Profile of Achilles Tendons in Injured Rats.Biomedicines · 2025Article
- Article
- Rheumatoid Arthritis: Pathogenic Roles of Diverse Immune Cells.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Signaling networks controlling ID and E protein activity in T cell differentiation and function.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- Polymorphisms of Pre-miR-499 rs3746444 T/C and Pre-miR-146a rs2910164 C/G in the Autoimmune Diseases of Rheumatoid Arthritis and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus in the West of Iran.Iranian journal of public health · 2020Article
- Tissue alarmins and adaptive cytokine induce dynamic and distinct transcriptional responses in tissue-resident intraepithelial cytotoxic T lymphocytes.Journal of autoimmunity · 2020Article
- IL-21 gene rs6822844 polymorphism and rheumatoid arthritis susceptibility.Bioscience reports · 2020Article
- Integrative Analysis for Elucidating Transcriptomics Landscapes of Glucocorticoid-Induced Osteoporosis.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2020Article
- The roles of inflammatory mediators and immunocytes in tendinopathy.Journal of orthopaedic translation · 2018Review
- Pre-micro RNA-499 Gene Polymorphism rs3746444 T/C is Associated with Susceptibility to Rheumatoid Arthritis in Egyptian Population.Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB · 2018Article
- Up-regulation of Interleukin-21 Contributes to Liver Pathology of Schistosomiasis by Driving GC Immune Responses and Activating HSCs in Mice.Scientific reports · 2017Article
- Functions of interleukin-34 and its emerging association with rheumatoid arthritis.Immunology · 2016Review
- Cellular immune profile of kidney transplant patients developing anti-HLA antibodies during childhood.Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany) · 2016Article
- The Effect of Periodontitis on Expression of Interleukin-21: A Systematic Review.International journal of inflammation · 2016Review
- Activated human valvular interstitial cells sustain interleukin-17 production to recruit neutrophils in infective endocarditis.Infection and immunity · 2015Article
- The pathogenic Th profile of human activated memory Th cells in early rheumatoid arthritis can be modulated by VIP.Journal of molecular medicine (Berlin, Germany) · 2015Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Interleukin-21 (IL-21) is a new member of the type I cytokine superfamily, which binds to a composite receptor that consists of a private receptor (IL-21R) and the common cytokine receptor γ chain. Recently, increasing evidence has shown that IL-21 contributes to the pathogenesis of chronic inflammatory and autoimmune diseases because of its pro-inflammatory and immune-mediated properties. IL-21 induced T-cell activation and pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). IL-21R RNA transcripts were found in synovial tissue samples of patients with RA. In addition, blockade of the IL-21/IL-21R pathway ameliorated disease in animal models of RA and significantly inhibited inflammatory cytokine production in vitro. Moreover, IL-21R deficiency in the K/BxN mouse model of inflammatory arthritis was sufficient to block arthritis initiation completely. All theses findings suggest that IL-21 has important biological effects in autoimmunity that might be a promising therapeutic target for RA. In this review, we discuss the biological features of IL-21 and summarize recent advances in the role of IL-21 in the pathogenesis and treatment of RA.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.