Trial reportRetina (Philadelphia, Pa.)
A randomized pilot study of systemic immunosuppression in the treatment of age-related macular degeneration with choroidal neovascularization.
Trial report in Retina (Philadelphia, Pa.). The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT00304954 (Treatment of Choroidal Subretinal Neovascularization With Agents Directed Against the Immune Response), which is not on this map. Cited by 42 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Treatment of Choroidal Subretinal Neovascularization With Agents Directed Against the Immune Response
Who cites it
42 citing papers in PubMed, 87 citations in OpenAlex.
- Treatment of geographic atrophy with subconjunctival sirolimus: results of a phase I/II clinical trial.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2013Trial
- Persistent Cytotoxic Immune Signaling in Anti-VEGF-Treated Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- Exploring the role of mTOR pathway in aging and age-related disorders.EXCLI journal · 2025Review
- Review
- Crosstalk Between Microglia and Müller Glia in the Age-Related Macular Degeneration: Role and Therapeutic Value of Neuroinflammation.Aging and disease · 2024Review
- Review
- Intravitreal sirolimus with adjunct aflibercept versus aflibercept monotherapy for persistent, exudative age-related macular degeneration: a pilot study.International journal of retina and vitreous · 2023Article
- Article
- mTOR Signalling Pathway: A Potential Therapeutic Target for Ocular Neurodegenerative Diseases.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- TGF-β promotes pericyte-myofibroblast transition in subretinal fibrosis through the Smad2/3 and Akt/mTOR pathways.Experimental & molecular medicine · 2022Article
- The retinal pigment epithelium: Development, injury responses, and regenerative potential in mammalian and non-mammalian systems.Progress in retinal and eye research · 2021Review
- Deletion of Socs3 in LysMMolecular neurodegeneration · 2021Article
- Intravitreal sirolimus for persistent, exudative age-related macular degeneration: a Pilot Study.International journal of retina and vitreous · 2021Article
- Anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha reduces the proangiogenic effects of activated macrophages derived from patients with age-related macular degeneration.Molecular vision · 2021Article
- MTOR-initiated metabolic switch and degeneration in the retinal pigment epithelium.FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology · 2020Article
- The role of lymphocytes and phagocytes in age-related macular degeneration (AMD).Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS · 2020Review
- RemicadeBiologics : targets & therapy · 2019Review
- Modulation of three key innate immune pathways for the most common retinal degenerative diseases.EMBO molecular medicine · 2018Review
- Article
- Monocyte infiltration and proliferation reestablish myeloid cell homeostasis in the mouse retina following retinal pigment epithelial cell injury.Scientific reports · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
14 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundAge-related macular degeneration remains the leading cause of irreversible blindness in the United States and the developed world. Intravitreal injections of anti–vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) medications have become standard of care for the treatment of the wet form of the disease. Recent reports have demonstrated an association with various immune factors. We aimed to investigate the effect of immunosuppressive therapy in the clinical course of the wet form of the disease. We compared anti-VEGF therapy plus one of three systemic immunosuppressive therapies versus anti-VEGF therapy alone for recurrent choroidal neovascularization associated with age-related macular degeneration.
methodsThis was a pilot, Phase I/II, prospective, randomized, unmasked, single-center trial. Patients with subretinal exudation secondary to recurrent choroidal neovascularization associated with age-related macular degeneration were included in the study. Patients were randomized to 1 of 3 systemic arms immunosuppressive agents (daclizumab, rapamycin, or infliximab) for 6 months plus intraocular anti-VEGF therapy if indicated, compared with a group who received only anti-VEGF therapy if indicated.
resultsThe number of anti-VEGF injections per group, visual acuity, retinal thickness, and safety measures were assessed in all groups. Thirteen patients were randomized; comparing anti-VEGF injections before and during the study, a decrease in the number of injections from 0.73 injections per month to 0.42 for daclizumab and from 0.67 to 0.34 for sirolimus was seen, while no apparent decrease was seen for either infliximab or observation. Visual acuities were maintained in all groups.
conclusionThese preliminary data suggest that some immunosuppressive agents given systemically can alter the clinical course of the wet form of the disease and support the notion that more definitive clinical trials of immune mediation of age-related macular degeneration are indicated.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.