ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2010
Bioenergetic cost of making an adenosine triphosphate molecule in animal mitochondria.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2010. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 245 papers.
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Who cites it
245 citing papers in PubMed, 516 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Assembly of the catalytic module and the rotor of human ATP synthase.The EMBO journal · 2026Article
- Re-Evaluating Hot Mitochondria: Too Slow to Cool.Acta physiologica (Oxford, England) · 2026Review
- Proteolytic processing of the unique FScientific reports · 2026Article
- Unconventional model organisms bend our view on mitochondrial cristae.Journal of cell science · 2026Review
- STAT-Mediated Mitochondrial Regulation in Cardiovascular Diseases: Mechanistic Insights and STAT3-Focused Therapeutic Strategies.Biomolecules · 2026Review
- Cannabidiol alleviates methamphetamine addictionActa pharmaceutica Sinica. B · 2025Article
- Earthing effects on mitochondrial function: ATP production and ROS generation.FEBS open bio · 2025Article
- Mitochondrial metabolism and cancer therapeutic innovation.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2025Review
- Cryo-EM structure of the brine shrimp mitochondrial ATP synthase suggests an inactivation mechanism for the ATP synthase leak channel.Cell death and differentiation · 2025Article
- Neural Plasticity Induced by Working Memory Training: Insights From Cortical Microstructure and Transcriptional Profiles.CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2025Article
- Engineering of ATP synthase for enhancement of proton-to-ATP ratio.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Mitochondrial dysfunction in the regulation of aging and aging-related diseases.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2025Review
- The Role of N6-Methyladenosine in Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Pathology.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Structure of ATP synthase from an early photosynthetic bacteriumProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- The ATPase asymmetry: Novel computational insight into coupling diverse FBiophysical journal · 2025Article
- Symmetry breaking and mismatch in the torsional mechanism of ATP synthesis by FTheory in biosciences = Theorie in den Biowissenschaften · 2025Article
185 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The catalytic domain of the F-ATPase in mitochondria protrudes into the matrix of the organelle, and is attached to the membrane domain by central and peripheral stalks. Energy for the synthesis of ATP from ADP and phosphate is provided by the transmembrane proton-motive-force across the inner membrane, generated by respiration. The proton-motive force is coupled mechanically to ATP synthesis by the rotation at about 100 times per second of the central stalk and an attached ring of c-subunits in the membrane domain. Each c-subunit carries a glutamate exposed around the midpoint of the membrane on the external surface of the ring. The rotation is generated by protonation and deprotonation successively of each glutamate. Each 360° rotation produces three ATP molecules, and requires the translocation of one proton per glutamate by each c-subunit in the ring. In fungi, eubacteria, and plant chloroplasts, ring sizes of c(10)-c(15) subunits have been observed, implying that these enzymes need 3.3-5 protons to make each ATP, but until now no higher eukaryote has been examined. As shown here in the structure of the bovine F(1)-c-ring complex, the c-ring has eight c-subunits. As the sequences of c-subunits are identical throughout almost all vertebrates and are highly conserved in invertebrates, their F-ATPases probably contain c(8)-rings also. Therefore, in about 50,000 vertebrate species, and probably in many or all of the two million invertebrate species, 2.7 protons are required by the F-ATPase to make each ATP molecule.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.