ArticleBMC complementary and alternative medicine2010
In vivo induction of phase II detoxifying enzymes, glutathione transferase and quinone reductase by citrus triterpenoids.
Article in BMC complementary and alternative medicine, 2010. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 38 citations in OpenAlex.
- Nomilin Rewires mTOR-Driven Immunometabolism via DDIT4 to Restrain Psoriasis.International journal of biological sciences · 2026Article
- Protective and Detoxifying Effects of Myrtus communis Essential Oil Against Bisphenol A-Induced Metabolic Disturbances in Wistar Rats.BioMed research international · 2026Article
- Identification of urinary metabolic biomarkers for histone 3 lysine27-to-methionine mutation diagnosis in brainstem gliomas.Neuro-oncology · 2025Article
- Modulation of Glutathione-S-Transferase by Phytochemicals: To Activate or Inhibit-That Is the Question.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Preliminary Assessment of the Protective and Antitumor Effects of Several Phytoene-Containing Bacterial and Microalgal Extracts in Colorectal Cancer.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Pregnane X receptor agonist nomilin extends lifespan and healthspan in preclinical models through detoxification functions.Nature communications · 2023Article
- Nomilin and Its Analogues in Citrus Fruits: A Review of Its Health Promotion Effects and Potential Application in Medicine.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- The Chemistry and Pharmacology of Citrus Limonoids.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2016Review
- Article
- Modulation of Metabolic Detoxification Pathways Using Foods and Food-Derived Components: A Scientific Review with Clinical Application.Journal of nutrition and metabolism · 2015Review
- Article
- Cytotoxicity and Pro-/Anti-inflammatory Properties of Cinnamates, Acrylates and Methacrylates Against RAW264.7 Cells.In vivo (Athens, Greece)Article
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundSeveral cell culture and animal studies demonstrated that citrus bioactive compounds have protective effects against certain types of cancer. Among several classes of citrus bioactive compounds, limonoids were reported to prevent different types of cancer. Furthermore, the structures of citrus limonoids were reported to influence the activity of phase II detoxifying enzymes. The purpose of the study was to evaluate how variations in the structures of citrus limonoids (namely nomilin, deacetyl nomilin, and isoobacunoic acid) and a mixture of limonoids would influence phase II enzyme activity in excised tissues from a mouse model.
methodsIn the current study, defatted sour orange seed powder was extracted with ethyl acetate and subjected to silica gel chromatography. The HPLC, NMR and mass spectra were used to elucidate the purity and structure of compounds. Female A/J mice were treated with three limonoids and a mixture in order to evaluate their effect on phase II enzymes in four different tissues. Assays for glutathione S-transferase and NAD(P)H: quinone reductase (QR) were used to evaluate induction of phase II enzymatic activity.
resultsThe highest induction of GST against 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (CDNB) was observed in stomach (whole), 58% by nomilin, followed by 25% isoobacunoic acid and 19% deacetyl nomilin. Deacetyl nomilin in intestine (small) as well as liver significantly reduced GST activity against CDNB. Additionally isoobacunoic acid and the limonoid mixture in liver demonstrated a significant reduction of GST activity against CDNB. Nomilin significantly induced GST activity against 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide (4NQO), intestine (280%) and stomach (75%) while deacetyl nomilin showed significant induction only in intestine (73%). Induction of GST activity was also observed in intestine (93%) and stomach (45%) treated with the limonoid mixture. Finally, a significant induction of NAD(P)H: quinone reductase (QR) activity was observed by the limonoid mixture in stomach (200%). In addition, the deacetyl nomilin treatment group displayed an increase in QR activity in liver (183%) and intestine (22%).
conclusionThe results of the present study suggests that, dietary intake of citrus limonoids may provide a protective effect against the onset of various cancers by inducing the activity of certain phase II detoxifying enzymes in specific organs.
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