ArticleLeukemia2010
Insulin is a potent myeloma cell growth factor through insulin/IGF-1 hybrid receptor activation.
Article in Leukemia, 2010. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 53 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
53 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 88 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Prospective target assessment and multimodal prediction of survival for personalized and risk-adapted treatment strategies in multiple myeloma in the GMMG-MM5 multicenter trial.Journal of hematology & oncology · 2019Trial
- Ceritinib overcomes proteasome inhibitor resistance in multiple myeloma by suppressing the protein folding response.Haematologica · 2026Article
- Association between diabetic control and progression of monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance to multiple myeloma.Blood cancer journal · 2026Article
- Insulin Signalling-Inducible IFITM1 Promotes Multiple Myeloma Progression and Bortezomib Resistance.Journal of cellular and molecular medicine · 2026Article
- Diabetes mellitus in multiple myeloma and related plasma cell disorders: a review of risk, prognosis, and outcomes.Blood cancer journal · 2026Review
- Curcumin inhibits growth and triggers apoptosis in human castration-resistant prostate cancer cells via IGF-1/PI3K/Akt pathway.The Journal of international medical research · 2025Article
- The association between the dietary inflammatory index and multiple myeloma: a case-control study.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Association between glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist use and progression of monoclonal gammopathy of uncertain significance to multiple myeloma among patients with diabetes.JNCI cancer spectrum · 2024Article
- Anthropometric traits and risk of multiple myeloma: differences by race, sex and diagnostic clinical features.British journal of cancer · 2024Article
- Weight-centric prevention of cancer.Obesity pillars · 2024Review
- Design and Rationale of Prolonged Nightly Fasting for Multiple Myeloma Prevention (PROFAST): Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Pilot Trial.JMIR research protocols · 2024Article
- Body size and risk of multiple myeloma in the Black Women's Health Study.British journal of cancer · 2024Article
- It is worth the weight: obesity and the transition from monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance to multiple myeloma.Blood advances · 2023Review
- Insulin/IGF Axis and the Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products: Role in Meta-inflammation and Potential in Cancer Therapy.Endocrine reviews · 2023Review
- Calorie restriction has no effect on bone marrow tumour burden in a Vk*MYC transplant model of multiple myeloma.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Article
- Review
- Pathogenic signaling in multiple myeloma.Seminars in oncology · 2022Article
- Diabetes and susceptibility to infections: Implication for COVID-19.Immunology · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Insulin and insulin growth factor type 1 (IGF-1) and their receptors are closely related molecules, but both factors bind to the receptor of the other one with a weak affinity. No study has presently documented a role of insulin as a myeloma growth factor (MGF) for human multiple myeloma cells (MMCs), whereas many studies have concluded that IGF-1 is a major MGF. IGF-1 receptor (IGF-1R) is aberrantly expressed by MMCs in association with a poor prognosis. In this study we show that insulin receptor (INSR) is increased throughout normal plasma cell differentiation. INSR gene is also expressed by MMCs of 203/206 newly diagnosed patients. Insulin is an MGF as potent as IGF-1 at physiological concentrations and requires the presence of insulin/IGF-1 hybrid receptors, stimulating INSR(+)IGF-1R(+) MMCs, unlike INSR(+)IGF-1R(-) or INSR(-)IGF-1R(-) MMCs. Immunoprecipitation experiments indicate that INSR is linked with IGF-1R in MMCs and that insulin induces both IGF-1R and INSR phosphorylations and vice versa. In conclusion, we demonstrate for the first time that insulin is an MGF as potent as IGF-1 at physiological concentrations and its activity necessitates insulin/IGF-1 hybrid receptor activation. Further therapeutic strategies targeting the IGF/IGF-1R pathway have to take into account neutralizing the IGF-1R-mediated insulin MGF activity.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.