ArticleThe Journal of biological chemistry2010
Endogenous retinoids in mammalian growth plate cartilage: analysis and roles in matrix homeostasis and turnover.
Article in The Journal of biological chemistry, 2010. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 41 citations in OpenAlex.
- A Retinoid Antagonist Attenuates Bone Growth Inhibition Caused by Growth Plate Injury in Mice.Journal of orthopaedic research : official publication of the Orthopaedic Research Society · 2025Article
- Review
- Analysis of the Actions of RARγ Agonists on Growing Osteochondromas in a Mouse Model.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- A Functional Polymorphism Downstream of Vitamin A Regulator GeneInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Review
- Implications of zonal architecture on differential gene expression profiling and altered pathway expressions in mandibular condylar cartilage.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- Premature Growth Plate Closure Caused by a Hedgehog Cancer Drug Is Preventable by Co-Administration of a Retinoid Antagonist in Mice.Journal of bone and mineral research : the official journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research · 2021Article
- Selective Agonists of Nuclear Retinoic Acid Receptor Gamma Inhibit Growth of HCS-2/8 Chondrosarcoma Cells.Journal of orthopaedic research : official publication of the Orthopaedic Research Society · 2020Article
- Expression and Role of IL-1β Signaling in Chondrocytes Associated with Retinoid Signaling during Fracture Healing.International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Article
- Functional Characterization of the Osteoarthritis Genetic Risk Residing at ALDH1A2 Identifies rs12915901 as a Key Target Variant.Arthritis & rheumatology (Hoboken, N.J.) · 2018Article
- Article
- Review
- Retinoic acid regulates cell-shape and -death of E-FABP (FABP5)-immunoreactive septoclasts in the growth plate cartilage of mice.Histochemistry and cell biology · 2017Article
- Genetic and pharmacological inhibition of retinoic acid receptor γ function promotes endochondral bone formation.Journal of orthopaedic research : official publication of the Orthopaedic Research Society · 2017Article
- Accelerated Skeletal Maturation in Disorders of Retinoic Acid Metabolism: A Case Report and Focused Review of the Literature.Hormone and metabolic research = Hormon- und Stoffwechselforschung = Hormones et metabolisme · 2016Review
- Palovarotene Inhibits Heterotopic Ossification and Maintains Limb Mobility and Growth in Mice With the Human ACVR1(R206H) Fibrodysplasia Ossificans Progressiva (FOP) Mutation.Journal of bone and mineral research : the official journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research · 2016Article
- Article
- Regulation of Long Bone Growth in Vertebrates; It Is Time to Catch Up.Endocrine reviews · 2015Review
- Articular cartilage endurance and resistance to osteoarthritic changes require transcription factor Erg.Arthritis & rheumatology (Hoboken, N.J.) · 2015Article
- Resident mesenchymal progenitors of articular cartilage.Matrix biology : journal of the International Society for Matrix Biology · 2014Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The growth plate contains resting and proliferating chondrocytes in its upper zones (UGP) and maturing and hypertrophic chondrocytes in its lower zones (LGP), but the mechanisms by which it operates to sustain skeletal growth are not fully clear. Retinoid signaling was previously found to be nearly absent in UGP, but to be much stronger in LGP coincident with hypertrophy, extracellular matrix turnover and endochondral bone formation. To determine whether such distinct signaling levels and phenotypic events reflect different endogenous retinoid levels, the upper two-thirds and lower one-third of rabbit rib growth plates were microsurgically isolated and processed for ultrasensitive retinoid LC-tandem MS quantification. Indeed, the UGP samples contained only about a 0.6 nm concentration of all-trans-retinoic acid (atRA) that is the most active natural retinoid in tissues, whereas LGP samples contained nearly 3-fold higher atRA levels (about 1.8 nM). Perichondrium was quite rich in atRA (about 4.9 nM). Interestingly, the levels of retinol, the major but inactive atRA precursor, were similar in all tissues (1.1-1.6 μM), suggesting that the distinct atRA levels in UGP and LGP reflect different retinoid anabolic capacity. Indeed, RALDH2 and CRABP1 transcript levels were much higher in LGP than UGP samples. To determine the minimum effective atRA concentration, chondrogenic cells transfected with a retinoic acid response element (RARE)-luc reporter plasmid were treated with different concentrations of exogenous atRA (0-100 nM). About 3 nm atRA was needed to elicit appreciable RARE-luc reporter activity and to decrease proteoglycan synthesis and activity of an aggrecan enhancer reporter plasmid. In sum, the data indicate that (i) the endogenous levels of atRA are significantly higher in hypertrophic than upper zones of growth plate; (ii) such difference likely reflects distinct retinoid anabolic capacity; and (iii) importantly, atRA levels in hypertrophic portion are within effective ranges to elicit retinoid signaling and action, but those in upper zones are not.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.