ArticleBritish journal of pharmacology2011
Protocatechuic acid inhibits cancer cell metastasis involving the down-regulation of Ras/Akt/NF-κB pathway and MMP-2 production by targeting RhoB activation.
Article in British journal of pharmacology, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 53 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
53 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 120 citations in OpenAlex.
- Research progress on antitumor effects of sea buckthorn, a traditional Chinese medicine homologous to food and medicine.Frontiers in nutrition · 2024Pooled it
- Phytochemical uptake following human consumption of Montmorency tart cherry (L. Prunus cerasus) and influence of phenolic acids on vascular smooth muscle cells in vitro.European journal of nutrition · 2016Trial
- Carob pod aqueous extract potentiates cisplatin efficacy and reduces toxicity in experimental hepatocellular carcinoma via mitochondrial and inflammatory pathway modulation.Bioresources and bioprocessing · 2026Article
- Fraction-Dependent Polyphenolic Profile and Biological Activities ofAntioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Anti-Cancer Effects of Quercetin: What Role Does the Gut Microbiota Play?Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Design and Synthesis of Protocatechuic Acid Derivatives for Potential Tumoricidal Effect against Hematological Malignancies.ACS omega · 2026Article
- Preventive Effect of Protocatechuic Acid Ethyl Ester against Doxorubicin-Induced Toxicity in Cardiomyocytes.International journal of preventive medicine · 2026Article
- The Role of miRNA-21 in the Metastasis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma as a Therapeutic Target.International journal of hematology-oncology and stem cell research · 2026Review
- Therapeutic Potential of Plant Phenolic Acids Combating Cancer Drug Resistance.Recent advances in food, nutrition & agriculture · 2026Review
- Integrative Evaluation ofMolecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Screening the Active Phytochemicals FromCancer innovation · 2025Review
- Alternative medicines in oncology: a focus on natural products against gastric cancer.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2025Review
- Anticancer Activity of Ethanolic Extract ofInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Protocatechuic Acid Attenuates Inflammation in Macrophage-like Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells in ApoENutrients · 2025Article
- Cardioprotective potential of protocatechuic acid against doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity in rats.Research in pharmaceutical sciences · 2025Article
- Enhancement Strategy for Protocatechuic Acid Production UsingInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Bioactivity and biomedical applications of pomegranate peel extract: a comprehensive review.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Review
- New Insights into Aspirin's Anticancer Activity: The Predominant Role of Its Iron-Chelating Antioxidant Metabolites.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Research Progress on the Mechanisms of Protocatechuic Acid in the Treatment of Cognitive Impairment.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Phenolic Contents, Antioxidant Activities, LCMS Profiles of Mespilus germanica Leaf Extract and Effects on mRNA Transcription Levels of Apoptotic, Autophagic, and Necrotic Genes in MCF7 and A549 Cancer Cell Lines.Cell biochemistry and biophysics · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
background and purposeProtocatechuic acid (PCA) is plentiful in edible fruits and vegetables and is thus one anti-oxidative component of normal human diets. However, the molecular mechanisms involved in the chemopreventive activity of PCA are poorly understood. Here, we investigated the mechanism(s) underlying the anti-metastatic potential of PCA. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH: We used AGS cells in a wound healing model and Boyden chamber assays in vitro and injection of B16/F10 melanoma cells in mice (metastasis model in vivo) to analyse the effect of PCA on cancer cell invasion and metastasis. The activities and expression of molecular proteins were measured by zymographic assay, real-time RT-PCR and Western blotting. KEY
resultsPCA inhibited cell migration and invasion at non-cytotoxic concentrations. Decreased expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and a coincident increase in tissue inhibitor of MMP followed treatment with PCA. The PCA-inhibited MMP-2 activity and expression was accompanied by inactivation of NF-κB. All these effects of PCA could be mediated via the RhoB/ protein kinase Cε (PKCε) and Ras/Akt cascade pathways, as demonstrated by inhibition of PKCε and transfection of PKCε siRNA and ras overexpression vector. Finally, PCA inhibited metastasis of B16/F10 melanoma cells to the liver in mice. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS: Our data imply that PCA down-regulated the Ras/Akt/NF-κB pathway by targeting RhoB activation, which in turn led to a reduction of MMP-mediated cellular events in cancer cells and provides a new mechanism for the anti-cancer activity of PCA.
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