ArticleEuropean archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience2011
Cognitive performance and smoking in first-episode psychosis: the self-medication hypothesis.
Article in European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 50 citations in OpenAlex.
- Cognitive Enhancers in Schizophrenia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Alpha-7 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Agonists for Cognitive Deficits and Negative Symptoms.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2021Pooled it
- Does tobacco use cause psychosis? Systematic review and meta-analysis.The lancet. Psychiatry · 2015Pooled it
- Associations between health risk behaviors and symptoms of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder: a systematic review.General hospital psychiatryPooled it
- Trial
- Cholinergic blockade under working memory demands encountered by increased rehearsal strategies: evidence from fMRI in healthy subjects.European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience · 2012Trial
- Relationship between cognition and age at onset of first-episode psychosis: comparative study between adolescents, young adults, and adults.European child & adolescent psychiatry · 2023Article
- Neuropsychological and Functional Assessment of Cognitive Impairments in Schizophrenia.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2023Article
- Smoking and attention in schizophrenia spectrum disorders: What are we neglecting?Frontiers in psychology · 2023Article
- Demographics, clinical characteristics and cognitive symptoms of heavy smokers and non-heavy smokers in Chinese male patients with chronic schizophrenia.European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience · 2022Article
- Impact of smoking Behavior on cognitive functioning in persons at risk for psychosis and healthy controls: A longitudinal study.European psychiatry : the journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists · 2021Article
- Impact of tobacco and/or nicotine products on health and functioning: a scoping review and findings from the preparatory phase of the development of a new self-report measure.Harm reduction journal · 2021Article
- Smoking Is Related to Reduced Motivation, But Not Global Cognition, in the First Two Years of Treatment for First Episode Psychosis.Journal of clinical medicine · 2021Article
- Alcohol use disorder and its determinant factors among patients with schizophrenia attending treatment at mental specialized hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: A cross-sectional study.SAGE open medicine · 2021Article
- Prevalence and smokers' profile: comparisons between the psychiatric population and the general population.Revista latino-americana de enfermagem · 2019Article
- Smoking in schizophrenic patients: A critique of the self-medication hypothesis.World journal of psychiatry · 2015Review
- Is 'self-medication' a useful term to retrieve related publications in the literature? A systematic exploration of related terms.PloS one · 2015Article
- Smoking improves divided attention in schizophrenia.Psychopharmacology · 2014Article
- Increased prolactin levels are associated with impaired processing speed in subjects with early psychosis.PloS one · 2014Article
- Lifetime cannabis use and cognition in patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders and their unaffected siblings.European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience · 2013Article
- Cigarette smoking modulates medication-associated deficits in a monetary reward task in patients with schizophrenia.European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience · 2013Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The self-medication hypothesis attempts to explain the extraordinary high levels of cigarette smoking in schizophrenia; patients may smoke in an attempt to reduce their cognitive deficits, symptoms, or the side effects of antipsychotics. In a previous report, we detected beneficial performance in attention and working memory in patients with first-episode psychosis who smoked compared to non-smoking patients soon after stabilization. In the present study, we examine differences in the course of those deficits 12 months after the initiation of antipsychotic treatment. We also explore the association between smoking and symptoms and side effects of medication. Neuropsychological assessments were performed at baseline, month 6 and month 12 using a computerized battery that included measures of sustained attention (Continuous Performance Test CPT-O), selective attention (Stroop interference task) and working memory (CPT-XO). Patients met the criterion of fitting in the same smoking category throughout the study: non-smoker (n = 15; 0 cigarettes/day) and smoker (n = 26; >15 cigarettes/day). The non-smoking patients showed significant cognitive improvements, whereas smoking patients lost their superior baseline performance, which was probably obtained through nicotinic stimulation, at the 6- and 12-month assessments due to a static course of deficits. Smokers did not obtain any cognitive benefit after instauration of treatment and worsen their symptoms over the first year. These results suggest that smoking may constitute a marker of a more severe illness. Smoking was not associated with fewer extrapyramidal side effects. Smoking might improve attention and working memory to a similarly modest extent as atypical antipsychotics and could reflect an effort to ameliorate these cognitive dysfunctions previous to treatment instauration.
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