ArticleAIDS and behavior2011
HIV/AIDS stigma and refusal of HIV testing among pregnant women in rural Kenya: results from the MAMAS Study.
Article in AIDS and behavior, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 160 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Comparative Effectiveness of Congregation and Clinic Based Approaches to Prevention of Mother to Child Transmission of HIV
Addressing Provider Stress and Unconscious Bias to Improve Quality of Maternal Health Care
Who cites it
160 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 278 citations in OpenAlex.
- Factors influencing implementation of point-of-care tests for maternal and newborn screening and diagnosis in low-resource settings: a systematic review.BMC global and public health · 2026Pooled it
- Ethical considerations for research involving pregnant women living with HIV and their young children: a systematic review of the empiric literature and discussion.BMC medical ethics · 2021Pooled it
- Attitudes and behaviours of maternal health care providers in interactions with clients: a systematic review.Globalization and health · 2015Pooled it
- Impact of geographic and transportation-related barriers on HIV outcomes in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review.AIDS and behavior · 2014Pooled it
- A systematic review of interventions to reduce HIV-related stigma and discrimination from 2002 to 2013: how far have we come?Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2013Pooled it
- Uptake of home-based voluntary HIV testing in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis.PLoS medicine · 2012Pooled it
- Trial
- Development and Piloting of a Home-Based Couples Intervention During Pregnancy and Postpartum in Southwestern Kenya.AIDS patient care and STDs · 2018Trial
- Trial
- What do You Need to Get Male Partners of Pregnant Women Tested for HIV in Resource Limited Settings? The Baby Shower Cluster Randomized Trial.AIDS and behavior · 2017Trial
- Changing knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors regarding cervical cancer screening: The effects of an educational intervention in rural Kenya.Patient education and counseling · 2015Trial
- A randomised controlled trial to assess the effectiveness of a nurse-led palliative care intervention for HIV positive patients on antiretroviral therapy: recruitment, refusal, randomisation and missing data.BMC research notes · 2014Trial
- Comparative effectiveness of congregation- versus clinic-based approach to prevention of mother-to-child HIV transmission: study protocol for a cluster randomized controlled trial.Implementation science : IS · 2013Trial
- Trial
- Trial
- "AIDS care · 2026Article
- Integrated Community-Clinic Model of Optimized Implementation Strategies to Increase Early Detection of Breast and Cervical Cancers in Kenya: Protocol for a Pragmatic Randomized Controlled Trial.JMIR research protocols · 2026Article
- Stigma, Food Insecurity, and Limited Social Support as Psychosocial Correlates of Antiretroviral Therapy Adherence Among Pregnant Women Living With HIV: Cross-Sectional Study.JMIR public health and surveillance · 2026Article
- Streamlining Stigma Measurement: Validation and Abridgment of the HIV Stigma Scale for Pregnant Women Living with HIV in South Africa.AIDS and behavior · 2026Article
- Over Three Decades of Mental Health in Sub-Saharan Africa: An Analysis of GBD Data From 1990 to 2023.Global health, epidemiology and genomics · 2026Article
100 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
HIV/AIDS stigma is a common thread in the narratives of pregnant women affected by HIV/AIDS globally and may be associated with refusal of HIV testing. We conducted a cross-sectional study of women attending antenatal clinics in Kenya (N = 1525). Women completed an interview with measures of HIV/AIDS stigma and subsequently information on their acceptance of HIV testing was obtained from medical records. Associations of stigma measures with HIV testing refusal were examined using multivariate logistic regression. Rates of anticipated HIV/AIDS stigma were high-32% anticipated break-up of their relationship, and 45% anticipated losing their friends. Women who anticipated male partner stigma were more than twice as likely to refuse HIV testing, after adjusting for other individual-level predictors (OR = 2.10, 95% CI: 1.15-3.85). This study demonstrated quantitatively that anticipations of HIV/AIDS stigma can be barriers to acceptance of HIV testing by pregnant women and highlights the need to develop interventions that address pregnant women's fears of HIV/AIDS stigma and violence from male partners.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.