Trial reportThe New England journal of medicine2010
Rapid molecular detection of tuberculosis and rifampin resistance.
Trial report in The New England journal of medicine, 2010. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 11 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 1,064 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Tuberculosis in HIV-infected Patients Managed in Health Centres in Ethiopia - Identification of a Screening Algorithm for Active Tuberculosis and Determination of Outcome of Combined Antituberculosis and Antiretroviral Treatment
Enhanced TB Screening to Determine the Prevalence and Incidence of TB in a Cohort of HIV Clinic Patients in Lusaka, Zambia
CIDRZ 1201 - Optimizing Clinical Outcomes in HIV-Infected Adults & Children Using Xpert MTB/RIF in Zambia
Z 31411 - The Effect of Xpert MTB/RIF on Patient Health Outcomes and Empirical TB Treatment Among Persons Living With HIV/AIDS: A Parallel-Group Prospective Cohort Study Under Real-World Conditions in Lusaka, Zambia
Multi Center Clinical Research and Evaluation of Melting Technology for Rapid Detection of Drug Resistant Tuberculosis
Role of Genexpert in Extra Pulmonary Tuberculosis
Culture Free Diagnosis and Follow-up of Multidrug Resistant Tuberculosis Patients
Feasibility, Accuracy, and Effect of Point-of-care Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra and Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra Testing in Patients Suspected of Having TB: a Randomised Controlled Trial
Rapid Research in Diagnostics Development for TB Network (R2D2 TB Network) Study
Development of Device Kit for Rapid and Sensitive Diagnostic Method for the Tuberculosis; Using Amine Groups Called HI(Homobifunctional Imidoesters),Negative Charge of the Pathogen and Formed Electrical Bonding to Isolate and Concentrate the Pathogen
Supporting, Mobilizing and Accelerating Research for Tuberculosis Elimination (SMART4TB)- Technical Area (TA) 1: Diagnostics- Assessing Diagnostics At Point-of-care for Tuberculosis (ADAPT)
Who cites it
1,064 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra assay for pulmonary tuberculosis and rifampicin resistance in adults and adolescents.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2025Pooled it
- Diagnostic accuracy of Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra for detecting pulmonary tuberculosis and rifampicin resistance: a systematic review and meta-analysis.European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology · 2025Pooled it
- Efficacy and Safety of Bufei Jiedu Granules in Treating Multidrug-Resistant Pulmonary Tuberculosis: A Multi-center, Double-Blinded and Randomized Controlled Trial.Chinese journal of integrative medicine · 2024Trial
- Resistance-Guided Treatment of Gonorrhea: A Prospective Clinical Study.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2021Trial
- Analytical performance of a multi-target open real-time PCR assay for simultaneous detection of tuberculosis, non-tuberculous mycobacteria, and drug resistance in a high-burden setting.Microbiology spectrum · 2026Article
- Novel RT‒qPCR-based blood signatures for the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Diagnostic Performance of the Pluslife MiniDock MTB and Molbio MTB Ultima Assays to Detect Tuberculosis From Tongue and Sputum Swabs Among Outpatients and in Active Case Finding in Cameroon.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2026Article
- Development and evaluation of a multiplex PCR for simultaneous detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex, Mycobacterium avium complex, and Burkholderia pseudomallei in clinical specimens.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2026Article
- CRISPR-Cas-based detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis: current advances and translational bottlenecks.Protoplasma · 2026Review
- Feasibility and acceptability of pooled sputum testing for tuberculosis: a multicountry qualitative study of the Start4All project.BMJ open · 2026Article
- Current Landscape of Molecular Diagnostic Tests and Emerging Tools for Tuberculosis and Drug Resistance.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Divergent Trajectories of Pediatric All-Form Tuberculosis and Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis from 1990 to 2021.Microorganisms · 2026Article
- Masked invaders: A case series on uncommon manifestations of extrapulmonary tuberculosis.Lung India : official organ of Indian Chest Society · 2026Article
- Maxillofacial tubercular osteomyelitis: diagnostic and therapeutic perspectives from a case series.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Unequal patterns of tuberculosis in women of reproductive age: Insights from the Global burden of disease study 2021.Infectious medicine · 2026Article
- Article
- Article
- Predicting isoniazid resistance inJournal of clinical microbiology · 2026Article
- Decision-Aware Vision Mamba with Context-Guided Slot Mixing for Chest X-Ray Screening and Culture-Based Hierarchical Tuberculosis Classification.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Evaluation of Xpert MTB/RIF assay accuracy for diagnosing TB and detecting rifampin resistance in patients with very low bacterial loads results: a retrospective study in Hunan, China.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
1,004 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
- Commented on by
- Commented on by
- Commented on by
- Commented on by
- Commented on by
- Commented on by
- Commented on by
Authors and funding
19 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundGlobal control of tuberculosis is hampered by slow, insensitive diagnostic methods, particularly for the detection of drug-resistant forms and in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection. Early detection is essential to reduce the death rate and interrupt transmission, but the complexity and infrastructure needs of sensitive methods limit their accessibility and effect.
methodsWe assessed the performance of Xpert MTB/RIF, an automated molecular test for Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) and resistance to rifampin (RIF), with fully integrated sample processing in 1730 patients with suspected drug-sensitive or multidrug-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis. Eligible patients in Peru, Azerbaijan, South Africa, and India provided three sputum specimens each. Two specimens were processed with N-acetyl-L-cysteine and sodium hydroxide before microscopy, solid and liquid culture, and the MTB/RIF test, and one specimen was used for direct testing with microscopy and the MTB/RIF test.
resultsAmong culture-positive patients, a single, direct MTB/RIF test identified 551 of 561 patients with smear-positive tuberculosis (98.2%) and 124 of 171 with smear-negative tuberculosis (72.5%). The test was specific in 604 of 609 patients without tuberculosis (99.2%). Among patients with smear-negative, culture-positive tuberculosis, the addition of a second MTB/RIF test increased sensitivity by 12.6 percentage points and a third by 5.1 percentage points, to a total of 90.2%. As compared with phenotypic drug-susceptibility testing, MTB/RIF testing correctly identified 200 of 205 patients (97.6%) with rifampin-resistant bacteria and 504 of 514 (98.1%) with rifampin-sensitive bacteria. Sequencing resolved all but two cases in favor of the MTB/RIF assay.
conclusionsThe MTB/RIF test provided sensitive detection of tuberculosis and rifampin resistance directly from untreated sputum in less than 2 hours with minimal hands-on time. (Funded by the Foundation for Innovative New Diagnostics.)
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.