ReviewExpert review of vaccines2010
Nano-microparticles as immune adjuvants: correlating particle sizes and the resultant immune responses.
Review in Expert review of vaccines, 2010. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 189 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
189 citing papers in PubMed.
- Preclinical Evaluation of a Microneedle-Delivered Adjuvanted Microparticulate Gonorrhea Vaccine in Non-Human Primates.Vaccines · 2026Article
- Microparticles synthesized from itaconate polyesters enable metabolite delivery and elicit immunoregulatory outcomes.Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society · 2026Article
- Intestinal uptake regulates T cell responses to dietary antigens.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Statistical optimization of chitosan-based synthesis strategies to generate albumin nanoparticles.Drug delivery and translational research · 2026Article
- Focal therapeutic conditions matter: How energy affects antigen presentation and T cell activation.Bioengineering & translational medicine · 2026Article
- Development and Immunogenicity Evaluation of Baculovirus-Expressed Feline Bocavirus VP2 Virus-like Particles Vaccine in a Mouse Model.Microorganisms · 2026Article
- Article
- Conserved Influenza Epitopes Delivered via MHC-I-Functionalized Nanocarriers Induce Influenza-Specific CTL Responses.Immune network · 2026Article
- A Novel Effective Nanoadjuvant System for Poultry Vaccines.Vaccines · 2026Article
- Cooperative supramolecular integration of QS-21 into polymeric micelles as a tunable nanoadjuvant platform for subunit vaccines.RSC advances · 2026Article
- Effects of Antigen Dosage and Chitosan Micro/Nanoparticle Size on Immune Responses in Mice Immunized with H5N1 Influenza Vaccine.Polymers · 2026Article
- Membrane-derived biomimetic nanovesicles in anti-tumor immunotherapy: Advances and outlook.Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. B · 2026Review
- Investigating the In Vitro Immunomodulatory Potential of Microparticulate β-L-Adenosine in Particulate Vaccine Candidates.Vaccines · 2026Article
- Preparation and Evaluation of Sodium Alginate Nanoparticles Containing Recombinant Diphtheria Toxoid (CRM197) and their Immunogenicity in Mice.Current pharmaceutical design · 2026Article
- Preclinical Assessment of HLA-A*02:01-Restricted PSMA and STEAP1 Epitopes for Peptide-Based Immunotherapy in Prostate Cancer.Drug design, development and therapy · 2026Article
- Lymphatic Vessels are Involved in Monosodium Urate Clearance and Resolution of Gouty Inflammation in Mice.Journal of inflammation research · 2026Article
- Article
- Evaluation of Polymyxin B as a Novel Vaccine Adjuvant and Its Immunological Comparison with FDA-Approved Adjuvants.Vaccines · 2025Article
- Small Interfering RNA Carriers for Oncotherapy: A Preclinical Overview.Pharmaceutics · 2025Review
- Cholesterol-Functionalized Porous PLA Microparticles for Enhanced Drug Delivery.ACS applied bio materials · 2025Article
129 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The development of novel immune adjuvants is emerging as a significant area of vaccine delivery based on the continued necessity to amplify immune responses to a wide array of new antigens that are poorly immunogenic. This article specifically focuses on the application of nanoparticles and microparticles as vaccine adjuvants. Many investigators are in agreement that the size of the particles is crucial to their adjuvant activities. However, reports on correlating the size of particle-based adjuvants and the resultant immune responses have been conflicting, with investigators on both sides of the fence with impressive data in support of the effectiveness of particles with small sizes (submicron) over those with larger sizes (micron) and vice versa, while other investigators reported data that showed submicron- and micron-sized particles are effective to the same degree as immune adjuvants. We have generated a list of biological, immunological and, more importantly, vaccine formulation parameters that may have contributed to the inconsistency from different studies and made recommendations on future studies attempting to correlate the size of particulate adjuvants and the immune responses induced. The information gathered could lead to strategies to optimize the performance of nano-microparticles as immune adjuvants.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.