ArticleJournal of comparative physiology. A, Neuroethology, sensory, neural, and behavioral physiology2011
Biophysical costs associated with tetrodotoxin resistance in the sodium channel pore of the garter snake, Thamnophis sirtalis.
Article in Journal of comparative physiology. A, Neuroethology, sensory, neural, and behavioral physiology, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed.
- The Chemistry and Biology of the Tetrodotoxin Natural Product Family.Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English) · 2025Review
- Coevolution with toxic prey produces functional trade-offs in sodium channels of predatory snakes.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2023Article
- A potential cost of evolving epibatidine resistance in poison frogs.BMC biology · 2023Article
- Convergent evolution of toxin resistance in animals.Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society · 2022Review
- Evidence that toxin resistance in poison birds and frogs is not rooted in sodium channel mutations and may rely on "toxin sponge" proteins.The Journal of general physiology · 2021Article
- Large-effect mutations generate trade-off between predatory and locomotor ability during arms race coevolution with deadly prey.Evolution letters · 2018Article
- Parallel evolution of tetrodotoxin resistance in three voltage-gated sodium channel genes in the garter snake Thamnophis sirtalis.Molecular biology and evolution · 2014Article
- Constraint shapes convergence in tetrodotoxin-resistant sodium channels of snakes.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2012Article
- The chemical and evolutionary ecology of tetrodotoxin (TTX) toxicity in terrestrial vertebrates.Marine drugs · 2010Review
- Behavioral and chemical ecology of marine organisms with respect to tetrodotoxin.Marine drugs · 2010Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Tetrodotoxin (TTX) is a potent toxin that specifically binds to voltage-gated sodium channels (NaV). TTX binding physically blocks the flow of sodium ions through NaV, thereby preventing action potential generation and propagation. TTX has different binding affinities for different NaV isoforms. These differences are imparted by amino acid substitutions in positions within, or proximal to, the TTX-binding site in the channel pore. These substitutions confer TTX-resistance to a variety of species. The garter snake Thamnophis sirtalis has evolved TTX-resistance over the course of an arms race, allowing some populations of snakes to feed on tetrodotoxic newts, including Taricha granulosa. Different populations of the garter snake have different degrees of TTX-resistance, which is closely related to the number of amino acid substitutions. We tested the biophysical properties and ion selectivity of NaV of three garter snake populations from Bear Lake, Idaho; Warrenton, Oregon; and Willow Creek, California. We observed changes in gating properties of TTX-resistant (TTXr) NaV. In addition, ion selectivity of TTXr NaV was significantly different from that of TTX-sensitive NaV. These results suggest TTX-resistance comes at a cost to performance caused by changes in the biophysical properties and ion selectivity of TTXr NaV.
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Registered trials
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